{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T19:19:45Z","timestamp":1793819985155,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">A parental history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) confers greater risk of future CVD among offspring. Whether the presence of parental modifiable risk factors contribute to or modify CVD risk in offspring is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We studied 6278 parent\u2013child trios in the multigenerational longitudinal Framingham Heart Study. We assessed parental history of CVD and modifiable risk factors (smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia). Multivariable Cox models were used to evaluate the association of parental history and future CVD among offspring. Among 6278 individuals (mean age 45\u00b111\u2009years), 44% had at least 1 parent with history of CVD. Over a median follow\u2010up of 15\u2009years, 353 major CVD events occurred among offspring. Parental history of CVD conferred 1.7\u2010fold increased hazard of future CVD (hazard ratio\u00a0[HR], 1.71 [95% CI, 1.33\u20132.21]). Parental obesity and smoking status were associated with higher hazard of future CVD (obesity: HR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.06\u20131.64]; smoking: HR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.07\u20131.68], attenuated after adjusting for offspring smoking status). By contrast, parental history of hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia were not associated with future CVD in offspring (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &gt;0.05 for all). Furthermore, parental risk factors did not modify the association of parental CVD history on future offspring CVD risk.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Parental history of obesity and smoking were associated with a higher hazard of future CVD in offspring. By contrast, other parental modifiable risk factors did not alter offspring CVD risk. In addition to parental CVD, the presence of parental obesity should prompt a focus on disease prevention.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.122.027881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T11:42:18Z","timestamp":1678362138000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Family History of Modifiable Risk Factors and Association With Future Cardiovascular Disease"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3707-5562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christy N.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston MA"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston MA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9631-1254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin G.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9361-6397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily S.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston MA"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4076-2336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emelia J.","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Sr","given":"Ralph B.","family":"D'Agostino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics Boston University Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7357-5970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramachandran S.","family":"Vasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA"},{"name":"Sections of Preventive Medicine and Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA"},{"name":"The Framingham Heart Study Framingham MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1843-8724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Framingham Heart Study Framingham MA"},{"name":"Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4977-036X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7987-4768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston MA"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization\n. 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