{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T01:57:03Z","timestamp":1781315823865,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">There have been few large\u2010scale studies on the outcomes of cardiomyopathy\u2010associated heart failure (HF) in infants aged &lt;1\u2009year. This study aimed to assess longitudinal echocardiographic outcomes of infants with HF secondary to cardiomyopathy who survived for &gt;1\u2009year.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              A prospective observational study following 327 infant patients up to 5\u2009years in 2 large pediatric heart centers in Northern China between January 2010 and December 2018. A total of 236 (72.2%) patients had reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (HF with reduced ejection fraction group; LVEF &lt;40%), 91 (27.8%) patients had midrange LVEF (HF with midrange ejection fraction group; LVEF \u226540% but &lt;55%). LVEF improved significantly within the first year and remained stable in years 2 through 5 for both groups. The HF with midrange ejection fraction group had a higher rate of LVEF normalization (hazard ratio, 1.65;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001). Baseline LVEF \u226540%, baseline left ventricular end\u2010diastolic diameter\n              <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n              score &lt;7.8, the absence of left bundle\u2010branch block, and the absence of \u03b2\u2010blocker use were 4 independent favorable predictors for future LVEF normalization. A total of 62.4% of enrolled patients were diagnosed with left ventricular noncompaction. No significant difference in LVEF normalization was found among the different types of cardiomyopathy studied.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">A significant number of infants with cardiomyopathy who survived &gt;1\u2009year were found to improve with medical therapies during the first year of diagnosis. Poorer outcomes were associated with decreased LVEF and increased heart size at diagnosis baseline, the presence of left bundle\u2010branch block and use of \u03b2 blockers. The Northern Chinese pediatric population may have a high proportion of left ventricular noncompaction.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.122.029121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T09:36:58Z","timestamp":1727689018000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cardiomyopathy\u2010Associated Chronic Heart\u00a0Failure in Infants Aged &lt;1 Year: A\u00a0Prospective Observational Cohort Over 5\u2009Years in Northern China"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8300-4280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenhong","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiac Center Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0837-4686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benzhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center Qingdao Women and Children\u2019s Hospital Qingdao University Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6737-3579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeff","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Children\u2019s National Hospital Washington DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9871-0809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingeng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology Yale School of Public Health Yale University New Haven CT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0689-380X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanyan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiac Center Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6257-0097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangsong","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center Qingdao Women and Children\u2019s Hospital Qingdao University Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connor","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Children\u2019s National Hospital Washington DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1650-9130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Children\u2019s National Hospital Washington DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2493-5735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Spurney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Children\u2019s National Hospital Washington DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4067-5347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zipu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center Qingdao Women and Children\u2019s Hospital Qingdao University Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7667-5886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiac Center Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Beijing Jingdu Children\u2019s Hospital Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2013.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"1167","article-title":"2016 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"69","author":"Ponikowski P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, Bueno H, Cleland JGF, Coats AJS, Falk V, Gonzalez\u2010Juanatey JR, Harjola VP, Jankowska EA, et\u00a0al. 2016 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. 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