{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:06:51Z","timestamp":1792678011599,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Mortality prediction in critically ill patients with cardiogenic shock can guide triage and selection of potentially high\u2010risk treatment options.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      We developed and externally validated a checklist risk score to predict in\u2010hospital mortality among adults admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit with Society for Cardiovascular Angiography &amp; Interventions Shock Stage C or greater cardiogenic shock using 2 real\u2010world data sets and Risk\u2010Calibrated Super\u2010sparse Linear Integer Modeling (RiskSLIM). We compared this model to those developed using conventional penalized logistic regression and published cardiogenic shock and intensive care unit mortality prediction models. There were 8815 patients in our training cohort (in\u2010hospital mortality 13.4%) and 2237 patients in our validation cohort (in\u2010hospital mortality 22.8%), and there were 39 candidate predictor variables. The final risk score (termed BOS,MA\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) included maximum blood urea nitrogen \u226525\u2009mg\/dL, minimum oxygen saturation &lt;88%, minimum systolic blood pressure &lt;80\u2009mm\u2009Hg, use of mechanical ventilation, age \u226560\u2009years, and maximum anion gap \u226514\u2009mmol\/L, based on values recorded during the first 24\u2009hours of intensive care unit stay. Predicted in\u2010hospital mortality ranged from 0.5% for a score of 0\u00a0to 70.2% for a score of 6. The area under the receiver operating curve was 0.83 (0.82\u20130.84) in training and 0.76 (0.73\u20130.78) in validation, and the expected calibration error was 0.9% in training and 2.6% in validation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Developed using a novel machine learning method and the largest cardiogenic shock cohorts among published models, BOS,MA\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      is a simple, clinically interpretable risk score that has improved performance compared with existing cardiogenic\u2010shock risk scores and better calibration than general intensive care unit risk scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.122.029232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]],"date-time":"2023-06-22T17:58:01Z","timestamp":1687456681000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Optimized Risk Score to Predict Mortality in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9911-8070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Yamga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CHUM) Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8834-1461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sreekar","family":"Mantena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darin","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily M.","family":"Bucholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO USA"},{"name":"Heart Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital of Colorado Aurora CO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0564-4468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert W.","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Richard A. and Susan F. 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