{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:40:20Z","timestamp":1789386020694,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"24","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), experienced in 10% to 20% of the population, has been associated with cardiovascular disease and death. However, the condition is heterogeneous and is prevalent in individuals having short and long sleep duration. We sought to clarify the relationship between sleep duration subtypes of EDS with cardiovascular outcomes, accounting for these subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We defined 3 sleep duration subtypes of excessive daytime sleepiness: normal (6\u20139\u2009hours), short (&lt;6\u2009hours), and long (&gt;9\u2009hours), and compared these with a nonsleepy, normal\u2010sleep\u2010duration reference group. We analyzed their associations with incident myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke using medical records of 355\u2009901 UK Biobank participants and performed 2\u2010sample Mendelian randomization for each outcome. Compared with healthy sleep, long\u2010sleep EDS was associated with an 83% increased rate of MI (hazard ratio, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.21\u20132.77]) during 8.2\u2010year median follow\u2010up, adjusting for multiple health and sociodemographic factors. Mendelian randomization analysis provided supporting evidence of a causal role for a genetic long\u2010sleep EDS subtype in MI (inverse\u2010variance weighted \u03b2=1.995,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.001). In contrast, we did not find evidence that other subtypes of EDS were associated with incident MI or any associations with stroke (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &gt;0.05).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Our study suggests the previous evidence linking EDS with increased cardiovascular disease risk may be primarily driven by the effect of its long\u2010sleep subtype on higher risk of MI. Underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated but may involve sleep irregularity and circadian disruption, suggesting a need for novel interventions in this population.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.122.030568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T12:05:31Z","timestamp":1702382731000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Causal Association Between Subtypes of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3982-7940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew O.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital Boston MA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Medicine Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital Boston MA"},{"name":"Broad Institute Cambridge MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1650-679X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan S.","family":"Dashti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Broad Institute Cambridge MA"},{"name":"Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6101-2855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline M.","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital Boston MA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Medicine Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital Boston MA"},{"name":"Broad Institute Cambridge MA"},{"name":"Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7461-7498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Windred","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angus","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Broad Institute Cambridge MA"},{"name":"Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA"},{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0153-922X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel E.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) University of Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"University of Exeter Medical School Exeter United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8520-8860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamar","family":"Sofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital Boston MA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Medicine Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital Boston MA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. 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