{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T21:14:47Z","timestamp":1774473287240,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is impaired in the early phase after return of spontaneous circulation. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) administration via intracranial subdural catheters improves cerebral cortical microcirculation. We determined whether the SNP treatment improves CBF in the subcortical tissue and evaluated the effects of this treatment on cerebral lactate.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Sixty minutes after return of spontaneous circulation following 14\u2009minutes of untreated cardiac arrest, 14 minipigs randomly received 4\u2009mg SNP or saline via intracranial subdural catheters. CBF was measured in regions of interest within the cerebrum and thalamus using dynamic susceptibility contrast\u2010magnetic resonance imaging. After return of spontaneous circulation, CBF was expressed as a percentage of the baseline value. In the saline group, the %CBF in the regions of interest within the cerebrum remained at approximately 50% until 3.5\u2009hours after return of spontaneous circulation, whereas %CBF in the thalamic regions of interest recovered to approximately 73% at this time point. The percentages of the baseline values in the cortical gray matter and subcortical white matter were higher in the SNP group (group effect\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.026 and 0.025, respectively) but not in the thalamus. The cerebral lactate\/creatine ratio measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy increased over time in the saline group but not in the SNP group (group\u2013time interaction\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.035). The thalamic lactate\/creatine ratio was similar in the 2 groups.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">SNP administered via intracranial subdural catheters improved CBF not only in the cortical gray matter but also in the subcortical white matter. The CBF improvement by SNP was accompanied by a decrease in cerebral lactate.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.123.029774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T10:46:13Z","timestamp":1696070773000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Assessment of the Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside Administered Via Intracranial Subdural Catheters on the Cerebral Blood Flow and Lactate Using Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in a Pig Cardiac Arrest Model"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3730-6754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyoung Youn","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Center Chonnam National University Hospital Gwangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6005-9432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong Hun","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Chonnam National University Hospital Gwangju Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Chonnam National University Medical School Gwangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2188-874X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Najmiddin","family":"Mamadjonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science Chonnam National University Graduate School Gwangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3478-6967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung Woon","family":"Jeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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Joong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Science Research Institute Kyung Hee University Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6062-3038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Antonio","family":"Gumucio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3735-8167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David D.","family":"Salcido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 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