{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T07:47:52Z","timestamp":1782978472967,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We aim to compare the burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors and major adverse cardiac events and in\u2010hospital outcomes among young Black patients (aged 18\u201344\u2009years) hospitalized in 2007 and 2017 using data obtained from the National Inpatient Sample database.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Method and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Comparison of the sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and inpatient outcomes, including major adverse cardiac events (all\u2010cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation\/flutter, pulmonary embolism, and coronary intervention), between 2017 and 2007 was performed. Multivariable analyses were performed, controlling for potential covariates. A total of 2\u2009922\u2009743 (mean age, 31\u2009years; 70.3% women) admissions among young Black individuals were studied (1\u2009341\u2009068 in 2007 and 1\u2009581\u2009675 in 2017). The 2017 cohort had a younger population (mean, 30 versus 31\u2009years;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), more male patients (30.4% versus 28.8%;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), and patients with higher nonelective admissions (76.8% versus 75%;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), and showed an increasing burden of traditional cardiometabolic comorbidities, congestive heart failure, chronic pulmonary disease, coagulopathy, depression, along with notable reductions in alcohol abuse and drug abuse, compared with the 2007 cohort. The adjusted multivariable analysis showed worsening in\u2010hospital outcomes, including major adverse cardiac events (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.21), acute myocardial infarction (aOR, 1.34), cardiogenic shock (aOR, 3.12), atrial fibrillation\/flutter (aOR, 1.34), ventricular fibrillation\/flutter (aOR, 1.32), cardiac arrest (aOR, 2.55), pulmonary embolism (aOR, 1.89), and stroke (aOR, 1.53). The 2017 cohort showed a decreased rate of percutaneous coronary intervention\/coronary artery bypass grafting and all\u2010cause mortality versus the 2007 cohort (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In conclusion, young Black patients have had an increasing burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors and worsened in\u2010hospital outcomes, including major adverse cardiac events and stroke, in the past decade, although with improved survival odds.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.123.029895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T11:38:38Z","timestamp":1690285118000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cardiovascular Disease Burden and Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Young Black Patients: A National Analysis of 2 Cohorts 10\u2009Years Apart (2017 Versus 2007)"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1668-4120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ankit","family":"Vyas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Baptist Hospitals of Southeast Texas Beaumont TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5315-6426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rupak","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5205-3329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terry Ricardo","family":"Went","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher Albany NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4128-0676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dwayne","family":"Wiltshire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canton Medical Education Foundation Canton OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6411-577X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shivani","family":"Priyadarshni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Shalaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2234-3552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wissam","family":"Khalife","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000534"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.319811"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510060083037"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-007-0127-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305543"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15112433"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00383"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","first-page":"633","article-title":"High\u2010risk African Americans with multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease: challenges in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"16","author":"Williams RA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Williams RA, Gavin JR 3rd, Phillips RA, Sumner AE, Duncan AK, Hollar D, Hennekens CH. High\u2010risk African Americans with multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease: challenges in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Ethn Dis. 2006;16:633\u2013639.","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-6175.2004.03562.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000057810.48709.F6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.7.996"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2001.00801.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020245"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-017-0933-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.013220"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.8.1246"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2010.0460"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.105826"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","first-page":"383","article-title":"Physical activity and obesity in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study","volume":"20","author":"Dubbert PM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dubbert PM, Robinson JC, Sung JH, Ainsworth BE, Wyatt SB, Carithers T, Newton R Jr, Rhudy JL, Barbour K, Sternfeld B, et al. Physical activity and obesity in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study. Ethn Dis. 2010;20:383\u2013389.","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31827d87ec"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","first-page":"204","article-title":"A review of interventions to reduce health disparities in cardiovascular disease in African Americans","volume":"19","author":"Crook ED","year":"2009","unstructured":"Crook ED, Bryan NB, Hanks R, Slagle ML, Morris CG, Ross MC, Torres HM, Williams RC, Voelkel C, Walker S, et al. A review of interventions to reduce health disparities in cardiovascular disease in African Americans. Ethn Dis. 2009;19:204\u2013208.","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.123.029895","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T12:02:47Z","timestamp":1715601767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.123.029895"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.123.029895"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.123.029895","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e029895"}}