{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:13:13Z","timestamp":1791313993002,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Greenness\u2014or vegetative presence\u2014has been identified as a factor in chronic disease. The present study examines the longitudinal relationship between objective measures of greenness at the residential block level and incidence of 6 cardiovascular disease conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Analyses examined the impact of consistently high versus consistently low \u201cprecision\u201d greenness at the Census block level on the 5\u2010year incidence of cardiovascular disease conditions, including acute myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, stroke\/transient ischemic attack, and hypertension, among 229\u2009034 US Medicare beneficiaries in Miami\u2010Dade County, Florida, USA. Zero\u2010inflated Poisson regression was used to model the odds of developing any new cardiovascular disease and number of new cardiovascular disease conditions based on greenness tertiles computed across 2011 and 2016 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index values, adjusting for individual age, sex, race, ethnicity, baseline cardiovascular disease conditions, neighborhood income, and walkability in 2011 and 2016. When compared with individuals consistently in the low greenness tertile in 2011 and 2016, those consistently in the high greenness tertile in 2011 and 2016 had a 9% lower odds of having any new cardiovascular conditions (odds ratio [OR], 0.91 [95% CI, 0.84\u20130.99];\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.021).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Over a 5\u2010year period, consistently high greenness, when compared with consistently low greenness, was associated with lower odds of any new cardiovascular disease conditions. Identifying the role of greenness exposure in such a small geographic area, the Census block on which the older adult resides, allows for more precise, strategic decisions on where additional trees can be added\u2014by selecting at\u2010risk blocks rather than entire neighborhoods for tree\u2010planting interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.123.029939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T05:28:19Z","timestamp":1727674099000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Longitudinal Impacts of High Versus Low Greenness on Cardiovascular Disease Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Scott C.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL"},{"name":"University of Miami School of Architecture Coral Gables FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9377-881X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William W.","family":"Aitken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4925-9633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Lombard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL"},{"name":"University of Miami School of Architecture Coral Gables FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8912-5720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abraham","family":"Parrish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Libraries Coral Gables FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9525-3830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julius R.","family":"Dewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria I.","family":"Nardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miami\u2010Dade County Department of Parks Recreation and Open Spaces (MDPROS) Miami FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8462-9487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro M. A.","family":"Mantero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Collaboration &amp; Consulting Core University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah W.","family":"Metalonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Collaboration &amp; Consulting Core University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3832-1753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Szapocznik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL"},{"name":"University of Miami School of Architecture Coral Gables FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Pruss\u2010Ustun A Corvalan C.; World Health Organization . Preventing disease through healthy environments. 2016. Accessed November 1 2022. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241565196"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab235"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.005375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32203-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7041773"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-022-01450-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5487\/TR.2014.30.2.071"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.10.071"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2012.02536.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9785"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.969022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.010258"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16050814"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2019.129"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-201179"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP2875"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0957-1272(91)90001-U"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.04.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104609"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2012.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46099-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2015.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2022.02922"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-018-0179-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.06.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107609"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HCQ.0000000000000089"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","unstructured":"Chronic Conditions Warehouse (CCW) . Chronic Conditions Warehouse 27 CCW Chronic Conditions Algorithms. 2022. Accessed August 1 2022. https:\/\/www2.ccwdata.org\/web\/guest\/condition\u2010categories."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-022-00514-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","volume-title":"Zip+4","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zip+4. Somerville, NJ: GeoLytics, Inc. 2020. Accessed August 7, 2020. https:\/\/geolytics.com\/products\/geocoding\u2010zip\u20104\u2010site\u2010reports\/zip\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285552"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","unstructured":"Geographic Areas Reference Manual . Chapter\u00a011: Census Blocks and Block Groups. U.S. Dept. of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration Bureau of the Census. 1994."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","first-page":"710","article-title":"Longitudinal impacts of precision greenness on Alzheimer's disease","volume":"11","author":"Brown SC","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brown SC, Aitken WW, Lombard J, Parrish A, Dewald JR, Ma R, Messinger S, Liu S, Nardi MI, Rundek T, et\u00a0al. Longitudinal impacts of precision greenness on Alzheimer's disease. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2024;11:710\u2013720.","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40471-015-0043-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(97)00104-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-022-00409-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","unstructured":"Weier J Herring D. NASA Earth Observatory. Measuring Vegetation (NDVI & EVI). 2000. Accessed August 1 2020. https:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/features\/MeasuringVegetation."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","unstructured":"United States Geological Surve's Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Science Processing Architecture (ESPA) On Demand Interface. 1997. Accessed August 1 2020. https:\/\/espa.cr.usgs.gov."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","first-page":"33","article-title":"Comparison of NDVI values from multiple satellite sensors to monitor for public health in an urban sub\u2010tropical setting","volume":"11","author":"Dewald JR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dewald JR, Southworth J, Brown SC, Szapocznik J. Comparison of NDVI values from multiple satellite sensors to monitor for public health in an urban sub\u2010tropical setting. Am J Geogr Inform Syst. 2022;11:33\u201340.","journal-title":"Am J Geogr Inform Syst"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10091363"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.069609"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8114160"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","unstructured":"Walk Score\u00ae . How Walk Score works. Accessed August 7 2022. https:\/\/www.walkscore.com\/how\u2010it\u2010works\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2016.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","unstructured":"Miami Dade County Parks Recreation and open spaces. Million Trees Miami. Accessed November 6 2022. https:\/\/www.miamidade.gov\/global\/recreation\/milliontrees\/home.page."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.054494"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Aging and the Environment: Theoretical Approaches","author":"Lawton MP","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lawton MP. Competence, environmental press, and the adaptation of older people. In: Lawton MP, Windley PG; Byerts TO , eds Aging and the Environment: Theoretical Approaches. New York: Springer; 1982:33\u201359."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/23.4.349"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916503035003007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16010157"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111331"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.110.957225"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000678"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab484"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.319811"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","unstructured":"European Commission . Forest strategy. Accessed September 6 2022. https:\/\/environment.ec.europa.eu\/strategy\/forest\u2010strategy_en."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","unstructured":"New York City Parks . Million Trees NYC. Accessed November 6 2022. https:\/\/www.nycgovparks.org\/trees\/milliontreesnyc."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forpol.2020.102387"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","unstructured":"San Diego County Action Plan . Expanding the number of trees in San Diego County. 2020. Accessed November 6 2022. https:\/\/www.sandiegocounty.gov\/content\/sdc\/sustainability\/news\/CountyTreePlanting\/."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.123.029939","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T05:46:06Z","timestamp":1728452766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.123.029939"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.123.029939"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.123.029939","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e029939"}}