{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T05:48:12Z","timestamp":1793512092896,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Implantation of the left atrial appendage occluder (LAAO) has been proven to prevent stroke effectively in patients with atrial fibrillation who cannot tolerate anticoagulants. Incomplete endothelization of LAAO may cause device\u2010related thrombus, and currently no good image modality exists to clearly see LAAO endothelialization. We aimed to use coronary optic coherence tomography (OCT) to visualize LAAO endothelialization.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We enrolled 14 patients (72.8\u00b19.4\u2009years old) undergoing pulmonary vein isolation with a preexisting LAAO implanted more than 1\u2009year ago (5 Watchman and 9 Amulet). After pulmonary vein isolation, we did OCT via steerable sheath and coronary guiding catheter to adjust OCT probe location and injected contrast medium to visualize the LAAO surface. In\u00a0vitro testing was also performed to see the bare occluder. In\u00a0vitro OCT showed the surface of the bare device as an interrupted granule pattern, which included the Watchman surface polytetrafluoroethylene membrane string, Amulet disc metal strut, and inner polytetrafluoroethylene membrane string. In the implanted Watchman, OCT showed endothelialization as a smooth surface layer with noninterrupted coarser granules. In the implanted Amulet, OCT showed endothelialization as thin (early) or thick (late) endothelialization layer covering struts with OCT shadows. Among patients with Watchman, 2 showed no, 2 early, and 1 complete endothelialization. Among patients with Amulet, 2 showed no, 3 early, and 4 late endothelialization.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We demonstrated the feasibility of OCT to visualize LAAO endothelization with high resolution. Further studies are needed to determine antithrombotic regimens if incomplete endothelization is detected. A new OCT catheter may be designed specifically for LAAO.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.123.030080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T10:52:36Z","timestamp":1703847156000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pattern of Endothelialization in Left Atrial Appendage Occluder by Optic Coherence Tomography: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1848-6083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jien\u2010Jiun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital Yun\u2010Ling Branch Dou\u2010Liu City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8282-485X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu\u2010Chun","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital Yun\u2010Ling Branch Dou\u2010Liu City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng\u2010Nan","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital Yun\u2010Ling Branch Dou\u2010Liu City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4440-7780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsiao\u2010Liang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8210-2486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pang\u2010Shuo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital Yun\u2010Ling Branch Dou\u2010Liu City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3867-150X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cho\u2010Kai","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2533-865X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi\u2010Chih","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6437-0455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juey\u2010Jen","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4853-8665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia\u2010Ti","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.303211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm2302056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2014.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.120.010195"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2012.02360.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"245","article-title":"Occurrence of incomplete endothelialization causing residual permeability after left atrial appendage closure","volume":"30","author":"Granier M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Granier M, Laugaudin G, Massin F, Cade S, Winum PF, Freitag C, Pasquie JL. 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