{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T12:54:14Z","timestamp":1793019254843,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"22","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Mortality from cardiovascular diseases in Asian populations is considerable. Menopause is a risk\u2010enhancing factor for cardiovascular disease, but it is unclear whether menopause is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality in Asian women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">A total of 1\u2009159\u2009405 postmenopausal women, who had participated in the health examinations of the Korean National Health Insurance Service in 2009, were analyzed, and their reproductive histories were taken. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard model assessed the hazard ratios (HRs) of myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, and all\u2010cause mortality, according to the history of premature menopause and age at menopause. After an average 10\u2010year follow\u2010up, there were 31\u2009606, 45\u2009052, and 77\u2009680 new cases of MI, ischemic stroke, and all\u2010cause mortality, respectively. The women with premature menopause exhibited increased risks of MI (HR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.31\u20131.50]), ischemic stroke (HR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.17\u20131.31]), and all\u2010cause mortality (HR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.14\u20131.24]) when compared with women with menopause aged \u226550\u2009years. The highest risk was evident with menopause between the ages of 30 and 34\u2009years (HR for MI, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.30\u20131.78]; HR for ischemic stroke, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.12\u20131.48]; HR for all\u2010cause mortality, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.20\u20131.47]) when compared with women with menopause aged \u226550\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Earlier age at menopause was associated with increased risks for MI, ischemic stroke, and all\u2010cause mortality. Future guidelines and risk assessment tools should consider menopause as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease in Korean women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.123.030117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T05:16:54Z","timestamp":1699593414000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Association Between Premature Menopause and Cardiovascular Diseases and All\u2010Cause Mortality in Korean Women"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1650-1278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gyu Bae","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6739-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ga Eun","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wonsock","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center Uijeongbu Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2830-1174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byoungduck","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2521-3064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung Hwan","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1957-2928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seon Mee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2406-5848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youn Seon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7421-4501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Do Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8721-3230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong\u2010Gyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics Catholic University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin\u2010Hyung","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Suwon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6096-1263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyungdo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science Soongsil University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3548-8758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang\u2010Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32203-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacasi.2021.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-85-4-447"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000912"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60346-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"87","article-title":"Mechanisms of premature ovarian failure","volume":"64","author":"Santoro N","year":"2003","unstructured":"Santoro N. 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