{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T12:44:23Z","timestamp":1786538663957,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Air pollution is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease globally, but its association with out\u2010of\u2010hospital cardiac arrest at low air pollution levels is unclear. This nationwide study in Sweden aims to investigate if air pollution is associated with a higher risk of out\u2010of\u2010hospital cardiac arrest in an area with relatively low air pollution levels.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              This study was a nationwide time\u2010stratified case\u2010crossover study investigating the association between short\u2010term air pollution exposures and out\u2010of\u2010hospital cardiac arrest using data from the SRCR (Swedish Registry for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) between 2009 and 2019. Daily air pollution levels were estimated in 1\u00d71\u2010km grids for all of Sweden using a satellite\u2010based machine learning model. The association between daily air pollutant levels and out\u2010of\u2010hospital cardiac arrest was quantified using conditional logistic regression adjusted for daily air temperature. Particulate matter &lt;2.5\u2009\u03bcm exposure was associated with a higher risk of out\u2010of\u2010hospital cardiac arrest among a total of 29\u2009604 cases. In a multipollutant model, the association was most pronounced for intermediate daily lags, with an increased relative risk of 6.2% (95% CI, 1.0\u201311.8) per 10\u2009\u03bcg\/m\n              <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n              increase of particulate matter &lt;2.5\u2009\u03bcm 4\u2009days before the event. A similar pattern of association was observed for particulate matter &lt;10\u2009\u03bcm. No clear association was observed for O\n              <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n              and NO\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              .\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Short\u2010term exposure to air pollution was associated with higher risk of out\u2010of\u2010hospital cardiac arrest. The findings add to the evidence of an adverse effect of particulate matter on out\u2010of\u2010hospital cardiac arrest, even at very low levels below current regulatory standards.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.123.030456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T09:31:23Z","timestamp":1697016683000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Short\u2010Term Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and Risk of Out\u2010of\u2010Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Sweden: A Nationwide Case\u2010Crossover Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7574-3461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Dahlquist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Danderyd University Hospital Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0376-8133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viveka","family":"Frykman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Danderyd University Hospital Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3100-9716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob","family":"Hollenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Clinical Science and Education, S\u00f6dersjukhuset Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3539-8317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Jonsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Clinical Science and Education, S\u00f6dersjukhuset Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2843-2908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Stafoggia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Lazio Region Health Service Roma 1 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0427-7376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Wellenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Boston University School of Public Health MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7815-2632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petter L. 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