{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:55:07Z","timestamp":1787018107766,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We investigated how childhood\u2010to\u2010adulthood perceived stress patterns predict adult cardiometabolic risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">This study included 276 participants from the Southern California Children's Health Study (2003\u20132014), and a follow\u2010up assessment (2018\u20132021). Perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale) was initially reported by participants' parents for themselves during early childhood (mean age, 6.3\u2009years), and later self\u2010reported during adolescence (13.3\u2009years) and young adulthood (23.6\u2009years). Participants were grouped into 4 stress patterns: consistently high, decreasing, increasing, and consistently low. Cardiometabolic risk was assessed in young adulthood by carotid artery intima\u2010media thickness, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, obesity, percent body fat, android\/gynoid ratio, and glycated hemoglobin. A cardiometabolic risk score was generated by summing the clinically abnormal markers. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to (1) examine the associations between Perceived Stress Scale at 3 time points and adult cardiometabolic risk, and (2) assess the impact of stress pattern on adult cardiometabolic risk. Findings suggested that in adulthood, higher Perceived Stress Scale score was associated with increased overall cardiometabolic risk (\u03b2=0.12 [95% CI, 0.01\u20130.22]), carotid artery intima\u2010media thickness (\u03b2=0.01 [95% CI, 0.0003\u20130.02]), systolic blood pressure (\u03b2=1.27 [95% CI, 0.09\u20132.45]), and diastolic blood pressure (\u03b2=0.94 [95% CI, 0.13\u20131.75]). Individuals with a consistently high adolescence\u2010to\u2010adulthood stress pattern\u00a0had greater overall cardiometabolic risk (\u03b2=0.31 [95% CI, 0.02\u20130.60]), android\/gynoid ratio (\u03b2=0.07 [95% CI, 0.02\u20130.13]), percent body fat (\u03b2=2.59 [95% CI, 0.01\u20135.17]), and greater odds of obesity (odds ratio, 5.57 [95% CI, 1.62\u201319.10]) in adulthood, compared with those with a consistently low Perceived Stress Scale score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Consistently high perceived stress from adolescence to adulthood may contribute to greater cardiometabolic risk in young adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.123.030741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T05:19:10Z","timestamp":1705468750000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Perceived Stress From Childhood to Adulthood and Cardiometabolic End Points in Young Adulthood: An 18\u2010Year Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6553-9328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fangqi","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4619-7892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinci","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5724-9437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steve","family":"Howland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phoebe","family":"Danza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongzheng","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6626-9091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. James","family":"Gauderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2103-1706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rima","family":"Habre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"McConnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhu","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atherosclerosis Research Unit University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lora","family":"Whitfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atherosclerosis Research Unit University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7648-5833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanjie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atherosclerosis Research Unit University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard N.","family":"Hodis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atherosclerosis Research Unit University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6082-4066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carrie V.","family":"Breton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0029-5641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa M.","family":"Bastain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9897-3692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shohreh F.","family":"Farzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000757"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"Heart Disease Facts|cdc.gov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Heart Disease Facts|cdc.gov. 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