{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T01:13:11Z","timestamp":1793149991031,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"23","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Carotid intima\u2010media thickness (cIMT) has been widely used as a predictor of future cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, various definitions of cIMT exist. This study provides a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of the associations between different cIMT definitions and CVD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">A systematic review of the different cIMT definitions used in prospective cohort studies was performed. The relationships between cIMT of different definitions (common carotid artery IMT [CCA\u2010IMT], internal carotid artery IMT [ICA\u2010IMT], combined segments [combined\u2010IMT], mean CCA\u2010IMT, and maximum CCA\u2010IMT) with future stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and CVD events were analyzed using random effects models. Among 2287 articles, 18 articles (14 studies) with &gt;10 different cIMT definitions were identified and included in our meta\u2010analysis. After adjusting for age and sex, a 1\u2010SD increase in CCA\u2010IMT was associated with future stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 1.32 [95% CI, 1.27\u20131.38]), MI (HR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.22\u20131.33]), and CVD events (HR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.19\u20131.37]). A 1\u2010SD increase in ICA\u2010IMT was related to future stroke (HR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.11\u20131.42]) and CVD events (HR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.04\u20131.50]) but not MI (HR, 1.26 [95% CI, 0.98\u20131.61]). A 1\u2010SD increase in combined\u2010IMT was associated with future stroke (HR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.08\u20131.57]) and CVD events (HR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.23\u20131.49]). Maximum CCA\u2010IMT was more strongly related than mean CCA\u2010IMT with risk of MI, and both measures were similarly associated with stroke and CVD events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Combined\u2010IMT is more strongly associated with CVD events compared with single\u2010segment cIMT definitions. Maximum CCA\u2010IMT shows a stronger association with MI than mean CCA\u2010IMT. Further research is warranted to validate our findings and to standardize the cIMT measurement protocol, as well as to explore underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.123.031217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T06:28:27Z","timestamp":1701152907000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Varying Definitions of Carotid Intima\u2010Media Thickness and Future Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2628-4203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Ling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Fudan University Shanghai 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