{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:36:58Z","timestamp":1788849418084,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Perfusion deficits contribute to symptom severity, morbidity, and death in peripheral artery disease (PAD); however, no standard method for quantifying absolute measures of skeletal muscle perfusion exists. This study sought to preclinically test and clinically translate a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging approach using an atherosclerosis\u2010targeted radionuclide, fluorine\u201018\u2010sodium fluoride (\n              <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n              F\u2010NaF), to quantify absolute perfusion in PAD.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Eight Yorkshire pigs underwent unilateral femoral artery ligation and dynamic\n              <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n              F\u2010NaF PET\/computed tomography imaging on the day of and 2\u2009weeks after occlusion. Following 2\u2010week imaging, calf muscles were harvested to quantify microvascular density. PET methodology was validated with microspheres in 4 additional pig studies and translated to patients with PAD (n=39) to quantify differences in calf perfusion across clinical symptoms\/stages and perfusion responses in a case of revascularization. Associations between PET perfusion, ankle\u2010brachial index, toe\u2010brachial index, and toe pressure were assessed in relation to symptoms.\n              <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n              F\u2010NaF PET\/computed tomography quantified significant deficits in calf perfusion in pigs following arterial occlusion and perfusion recovery 2\u2009weeks after occlusion that coincided with increased muscle microvascular density. Additional studies confirmed that PET\u2010derived perfusion measures agreed with microsphere\u2010derived perfusion measures. Translation of imaging methods demonstrated significant decreases in calf perfusion with increasing severity of PAD and quantified perfusion responses to revascularization. Perfusion measures were also significantly associated with symptom severity, whereas traditional hemodynamic measures were not.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n              F\u2010NaF PET imaging quantifies perfusion deficits that correspond to clinical stages of PAD and represents a novel perfusion imaging strategy that could be partnered with atherosclerosis\u2010targeted\n              <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n              F\u2010NaF PET imaging using a single radioisotope injection.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              URL:\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n              ; Unique identifier: NCT03622359.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.123.031823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T11:28:05Z","timestamp":1707910085000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Quantification of Skeletal Muscle Perfusion in Peripheral Artery Disease Using\n            <sup>18<\/sup>\n            F\u2010Sodium Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1835-4184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting\u2010Heng","family":"Chou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital Columbus 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