{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:45:57Z","timestamp":1787503557109,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Two of the main causes for dementia are Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular pathology, with most patients showing mixed pathology. Plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease\u2010related pathology have recently emerged, including A\u03b2 (amyloid\u2010beta), p\u2010tau (phosphorylated tau), NfL (neurofilament light), and GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein). There is a current gap in the literature regarding whether there is an association between these plasma biomarkers with vascular pathology and neurodegeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Cross\u2010sectional data from 594 individuals (mean [SD] age: 64 [8] years; 17% female) were included from the SMART\u2010MR (Second Manifestations of Arterial Disease\u2010Magnetic Resonance) study, a prospective cohort study of individuals with a history of arterial disease. Plasma markers were assessed using single molecular array assays (Quanterix). Magnetic resonance imaging markers included white matter hyperintensity volume, presence of infarcts (yes\/no), total brain volume, and hippocampal volume assessed on 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging. Linear regressions were performed for each standardized plasma marker with white matter hyperintensity volume, total brain volume, and hippocampal volume as separate outcomes, correcting for age, sex, education, and intracranial volume. Logistic regressions were performed for the presence of lacunar and cortical infarcts. Higher p\u2010tau181 was associated with larger white matter hyperintensity volume (\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      per SD increase=0.16 [95% CI, 0.06\u20130.26],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.015). Higher NfL (\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u22125.63, [95% CI, \u22128.95 to \u22122.31],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.015) was associated with lower total brain volume and the presence of infarcts (odds ratio [OR], 1.42 [95% CI, 1.13\u20131.78],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.039). Higher GFAP levels were associated with cortical infarcts (OR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.09\u20131.92],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.010).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Plasma biomarkers that have been associated with tau pathology, axonal injury, and astrocytic activation are related to magnetic resonance imagingmarkers of vascular pathology and neurodegeneration in patients with manifest arterial disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.123.032134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T06:28:25Z","timestamp":1707892105000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Plasma Markers of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology, Neuronal Injury, and Astrocytic Activation and MRI Load of Vascular Pathology and Neurodegeneration: The\u00a0SMART\u2010MR Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3071-2717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma L.","family":"Twait","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of General Practice Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health, Aging &amp; Later Life, and Personalized Medicine Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress, and Sleep Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8990-5396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lotte","family":"Gerritsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine E. F.","family":"Moonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurology, Epidemiology and Data Science Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0341-7445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inge M. W.","family":"Verberk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4061-0837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte E.","family":"Teunissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8008-9727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pieter Jelle","family":"Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurology, Epidemiology and Data Science Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8766-6224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wiesje M.","family":"van der Flier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurology, Epidemiology and Data Science Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4037-036X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirjam I.","family":"Geerlings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius 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