{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T17:20:53Z","timestamp":1790443253619,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Brugada syndrome (BrS) has been associated with sudden cardiac death in otherwise healthy subjects, and drug\u2010induced BrS accounts for 55% to 70% of all patients with BrS. This study aims to develop a deep convolutional neural network and evaluate its performance in recognizing and predicting BrS diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Consecutive patients who underwent ajmaline testing for BrS following a standardized protocol were included. ECG tracings from baseline and during ajmaline were transformed using wavelet analysis and a deep convolutional neural network was separately trained to (1) recognize and (2) predict BrS type I pattern. The resultant networks are referred to as BrS\u2010Net. A total of 1188 patients were included, of which 361 (30.3%) patients developed BrS type I pattern during ajmaline infusion. When trained and evaluated on ECG tracings during ajmaline, BrS\u2010Net recognized a BrS type I pattern with an AUC\u2010ROC of 0.945 (0.921\u20130.969) and an AUC\u2010PR of 0.892 (0.815\u20130.939). When trained and evaluated on ECG tracings at baseline, BrS\u2010Net predicted a BrS type I pattern during ajmaline with an AUC\u2010ROC of 0.805 (0.845\u20130.736) and an AUC\u2010PR of 0.605 (0.460\u20130.664).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">BrS\u2010Net, a deep convolutional neural network, can identify BrS type I pattern with high performance. BrS\u2010Net can predict from baseline ECG the development of a BrS type I pattern after ajmaline with good performance in an unselected population.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.123.033148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T10:38:59Z","timestamp":1715337539000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Predicting and Recognizing Drug\u2010Induced Type I Brugada Pattern Using ECG\u2010Based Deep Learning"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4948-2587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul\u2010Adrian","family":"C\u0103lburean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard\u2010Heart Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology \u201cGeorge Emil Palade\u201d of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u015f T\u00e2rgu Mure\u015f Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9769-1511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Pannone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard\u2010Heart Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5373-1689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinzia","family":"Monaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard\u2010Heart Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3837-3462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico Della","family":"Rocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard\u2010Heart Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0078-9393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Sorgente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard\u2010Heart Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9743-1661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Almorad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard\u2010Heart Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7613-0712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gezim","family":"Bala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard\u2010Heart Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1553-1834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Aglietti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard\u2010Heart Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3157-9281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robbert","family":"Ramak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard\u2010Heart Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Overeinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard\u2010Heart Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erwin","family":"Str\u00f6ker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard\u2010Heart Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9912-7121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gudrun","family":"Pappaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard\u2010Heart Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"M\u0103ru\u2019teri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology \u201cGeorge Emil Palade\u201d of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u015f T\u00e2rgu Mure\u015f Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9044-8866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius","family":"Harpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology \u201cGeorge Emil Palade\u201d of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u015f T\u00e2rgu Mure\u015f Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6261-5110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"La Meir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard\u2010Heart Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3172-6106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Brugada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard\u2010Heart Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Sieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard\u2010Heart Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6327-0487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Sarkozy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard\u2010Heart Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gian\u2010Battista","family":"Chierchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard\u2010Heart Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9351-0760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"de Asmundis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard\u2010Heart Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac262"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.001421"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.09.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.887026"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2017.01.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2020.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2022.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.03.571"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.024001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2010.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.021306"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Szegedy C Liu W Jia Y Sermanet P Reed S Anguelov D Erhan D Vanhoucke V Rabinovich A. Going deeper with convolutions. 2014. doi: 10.48550\/arXiv.1409.4842.","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1409.4842"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-019-8208-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90253-J"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.06.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.01.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2022.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.02.097"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl205"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2010.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac053.558"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-31865-1_25"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-5425(92)90063-Q"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.14408"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-023-00922-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iembs.2005.1615314"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2021.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-020-00341-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2010.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2013.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.064"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.108.795153"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2013.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euu029"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euu025"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2015.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab128"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.123.033148","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T06:19:06Z","timestamp":1717741146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.123.033148"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.123.033148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.123.033148","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e033148"}}