{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:45:51Z","timestamp":1790775951556,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"16","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Preeclampsia is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and death. Primary care or cardiology follow\u2010up, in complement to routine postpartum obstetric care, provides an essential opportunity to address cardiovascular risk. Prior studies investigating racial differences in the recommended postpartum follow\u2010up have incompletely assessed the influence of social factors. We hypothesized that racial and ethnic differences in follow\u2010up with a primary care provider or cardiologist would be modified by income and education.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We identified adult individuals with preeclampsia (September 2014 to September 2019) in a national administrative database. We compared occurrence of a postpartum visit with a primary care provider or cardiologist within 1\u2009year after delivery by race and ethnicity using multivariable logistic regression models. We examined whether education or income modified the association between race and ethnicity and the likelihood of follow\u2010up. Of 18\u2009050 individuals with preeclampsia (aged 31.8\u00b15.7\u2009years), Black individuals (11.7%) had lower odds of primary care provider or cardiology follow\u2010up within 1\u2009year after delivery compared with White individuals (adjusted odds ratio, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.70\u20130.85]) as did Hispanic individuals (14.8%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.73\u20130.87]). Black and Hispanic individuals with higher educational attainment were more likely to have follow\u2010up than those with lower educational attainment (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              for interaction=0.033) as did those in higher income brackets (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              for interaction=0.006).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We identified racial and ethnic differences in primary care or cardiology follow\u2010up in the year postpartum among individuals diagnosed with preeclampsia, a disparity that may be modified by social factors. Enhanced system\u2010level interventions are needed to reduce barriers to follow\u2010up care.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.123.033188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T10:02:54Z","timestamp":1723024974000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Association of Race and Ethnicity and Social Factors With Postpartum Primary Care or Cardiology Follow\u2010Up Visits Among Individuals With Preeclampsia"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2535-0309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malamo E.","family":"Countouris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7747-4410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kayle S.","family":"Shapero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gretchen","family":"Swabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5009-7371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alisse","family":"Hauspurg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esa M.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine University of Maryland Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5075-3604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jared W.","family":"Magnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh PA USA"},{"name":"Center for Research on Health Care University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f6564"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7117a1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.385301.BE"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10803"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy340"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003243"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l5119"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2021.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.11210"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000582"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10641955.2015.1090581"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-019-00580-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1581522"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2022.100062"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.016357"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.137"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JPN.0000000000000399"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-013-2744-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diaclin.32.4.178"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2014.0038"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067405"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-316065"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.025591"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","first-page":"A60","article-title":"Triangulating differential nonresponse by race in a telephone survey","volume":"4","author":"DeFrank JT","year":"2007","unstructured":"DeFrank JT, Bowling JM, Rimer BK, Gierisch JM, Skinner CS. 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