{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T12:22:45Z","timestamp":1793017365607,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Evidence from cohort studies indicates a bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to (1) identify saliva, plasma, and multifluid metabolomic signatures associated with periodontal disease and (2) determine if these signatures predict T2D progression and cardiometabolic biomarkers at year 3.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We included participants from the SOALS (San Juan Overweight Adult Longitudinal Study) (n=911). Metabolites from saliva (k=635) and plasma (k=1051) were quantified using liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry. We applied elastic net regression with 10\u2010fold cross\u2010validation to identify baseline metabolomic signatures of periodontal disease. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression and linear regression were used to evaluate the association with T2D progression and biomarker concentrations. Metabolomic profiles\u00a0included highly weighted metabolites related to lysine and pyrimidine metabolism. Periodontal disease or its 3 metabolomic signatures were not associated with T2D progression in 3\u2009years. Prospectively, 1\u2010SD increments in the multifluid and saliva metabolomic signatures were associated with higher low\u2010density lipoprotein (multifluid: 12.9\u00b15.70,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.02; saliva: 13.3\u00b15.11,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.009). A 1\u2010SD increment in the plasma metabolomic signature was also associated with Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (2.67\u00b11.14,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.02) and triglyceride (0.52\u00b10.18,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.002).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Although metabolomic signatures of periodontal disease could not predict T2D progression, they were associated with low\u2010density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance levels at year 3.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.123.033350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T10:44:32Z","timestamp":1721299472000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Saliva, Plasma, and Multifluid Metabolomic Signatures of Periodontal Disease, Type 2 Diabetes Progression, and Markers of Glycemia and Dyslipidemia Among Puerto Rican Adults With Overweight and Obesity"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1787-6517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zicheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0144-3287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle E.","family":"Haslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caleigh M.","family":"Sawicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3773-7028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sona","family":"Rivas\u2010Tumanyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus","place":["San Juan, Puerto Rico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank B.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8261-3174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liming","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David T. W.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles","place":["Los Angeles, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1964-7579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaumudi J.","family":"Joshipura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Ahmedabad University School of Public Health","place":["Ahmedabad, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0173-9248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shilpa N.","family":"Bhupathiraju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T.H. 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