{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T18:09:59Z","timestamp":1781719799767,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">The aim of this study was to assess how early\u2010adulthood body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) relate to long\u2010term cardiovascular structure, function, and prognosis in individuals without obesity and with low cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF) burden.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">A total of 2024 participants aged 18 to 30 from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study, without obesity and with low CVRFs defined as the absence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, hypertension, current smoking, and dyslipidemia were included. A CVRF\u2010optimal subgroup was also defined, with blood pressure&lt;120\/80\u2009mm\u2009Hg, fasting glucose &lt;100\u2009mg\/dL, total cholesterol &lt;200, low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol &lt;130, and women with high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol \u226550\u2009mg\/dL. Coronary artery calcification, carotid intima\u2010media thickness, left ventricular mass, left ventricular ejection fraction, longitudinal peak systolic strain, and diastolic function were assessed in midlife. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios of BMI and WC for all\u2010cause death and CVD events. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for subclinical CVD. Over 33.9\u2009years (median follow\u2010up), 5.2% (n=105) died, and 2.6% (n=52) had CVD events. Each 1\u2010SD BMI increase was associated with 27% (95% CI, 1.10\u20131.47), 24% (1.08\u20131.43), 42% (1.20\u20131.68), 28% (1.05\u20131.57), 51% (1.20\u20131.90), and 49% (1.10\u20132.02) higher odds of coronary artery calcification presence, increased carotid intima\u2010media thickness, left ventricular hypertrophy, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, low longitudinal peak systolic strain, and diastolic dysfunction, respectively, in the CVRF\u2010low group. Generally, similar associations were found for WC and in the CVRF\u2010optimal subgroup. No significant associations between BMI and WC with CVD and death were found.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Elevations in BMI and WC among young low\u2010risk individuals, even within the nonobesity range, are associated with midlife cardiovascular health.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.123.033355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T12:47:33Z","timestamp":1717678053000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association of Anthropometric Indices With Midlife Cardiovascular Risk in Young Individuals Without Obesity and Traditional Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Soroush","family":"Masrouri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7803-5850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Saeed","family":"Tamehri Zadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siamak","family":"Afaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0352-8666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farzad","family":"Hadaegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4956-1039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davood","family":"Khalili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9071-3287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael D.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston Salem NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i2156"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.122.317526"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-023-01288-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13127"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2019.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(88)90080-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1731"},{"issue":"129","key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"S49","article-title":"ACC\/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines","volume":"2014","author":"Goff DC","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goff DC Jr, Lloyd\u2010Jones DM, Bennett G, Coady S, D'agostino RB, Gibbons R, Greenland P, Lackland DT, Levy D, O'donnell CJ, et\u00a0al. 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