{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T08:22:25Z","timestamp":1791534145273,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Skeletal muscle wasting is critical in patients with heart failure (HF). Whereas prior studies have employed appendicular lean mass (ALM) normalized by height squared to identify low skeletal muscle mass, the potential of ALM normalized to body mass index (ALM\/BMI) remains unexplored in patients with HF. In this study, we compared the use of 2 skeletal muscle mass indices in patients with HF to examine their sex\u2010specific correlations with measures of physical capacity, quality of life, and daily physical activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      A total of 111 patients with HF underwent dual x\u2010ray absorptiometry, physical capacity tests, and accelerometry and answered a quality\u2010of\u2010life questionnaire. ALM normalized by height squared and ALM\/BMI indices disagreed in classifying low muscle mass (Cohen's \u03ba, \u22120.008 [95% CI, \u22120.094 to 0.177];\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.93). ALM\/BMI correlated well with 6\u2010minute walking distance in women and men (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.67 and 0.49;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001), with maximal oxygen uptake in women and men (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.41 and 0.48;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05), and with maximal muscle strength in women and men (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.54 and 0.43;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.01). Inversely, ALM normalized by height squared did not correlate significantly with 6\u2010minute walking distance or maximal oxygen uptake and correlated with maximal muscle strength only in men (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.43;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001). Only ALM\/BMI allowed for identification of a low\u2010muscle\u2010mass group characterized by poor quality of life (Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire score of 33\u00b121 versus 25\u00b116;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.027) and less daily time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (8 [3\u201317] versus 15 [9\u201337] minutes;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">ALM\/BMI was superior for identifying clinically significant muscle dysfunction in both female and male patients with HF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.123.033571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T07:28:20Z","timestamp":1714462100000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["ALM\/BMI: A Clinically Superior Index for Identifying Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in Patients With Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2871-0584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas Bugge","family":"Tinggaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Kreiberg","family":"Skou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5613-7274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels","family":"Jessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"N\u00f8rrelund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9753-4142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Wiggers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07015-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12603"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12702"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs381"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.17-057"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","first-page":"84","article-title":"Discriminating sarcopenia in overweight\/obese male patients with heart failure: the influence of body mass index.","volume":"7","author":"Fonseca GWPD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fonseca GWPD, Dos Santos MR, de Souza FR, Takayama L, Rodrigues Pereira RM, Negr\u00e3o CE, de Nazar\u00e9 Nunes Alves M\u2010J. 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