{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:52:52Z","timestamp":1791355972302,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is an important contributor to the global burden of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have reported an association with extremes in temperature in the hours and days leading up to SCD, but there has been little investigation focusing on the months and year before an SCD event. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between short\u2010, medium\u2010, and long\u2010term temperature and SCD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Temperature predictions using 800\u2010m Parameter\u2010Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model data were used to estimate monthly moving average temperature. Data on temperature were appended to each Nurses' Health Study participant's geocoded residential addresses. SCD cases were determined on the basis of medical record review and next\u2010of\u2010kin reports. Time\u2010varying Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between exposure 1\u2010 and 12\u2010month moving averages of temperature and SCD. Individual risk factors, socioeconomic status, and cardiovascular comorbidities were considered as confounders in the final models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Over the follow\u2010up period, there was a total of 428 definite and 36 probable SCD cases among the 118\u2009636 participants. One\u2010 and 12\u2010month moving average temperatures were inversely associated with SCD in the basic, risk factor, and fully adjusted models. For example, in the parsimonious individual risk factor model with definite cases only, per interquartile range (15.27\u2009\u00b0C for the 1\u2010month moving average temperature, 4.72\u2009\u00b0C 12\u2010month moving average temperature) increase in temperature, the hazard ratios for definite SCD were 0.58 (95% CI, 0.44\u20130.77) for the 1\u2010month and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.66\u20130.88) for the 12\u2010month moving average.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">After controlling for risk factors and cardiovascular morbidities, lower temperatures were associated with SCD. This study demonstrates that short\u2010, medium\u2010, and long\u2010term cold temperature also play an important role in SCD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.123.033829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T04:24:26Z","timestamp":1788150266000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Short\u2010, Medium\u2010, and Long\u2010Term Temperature and Sudden Cardiac Death in a Cohort of US Women"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8903-0091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Borchert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Harvard University","place":["Cambridge, USA"]},{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Columbia University Medical Center","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9895-1477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel C.","family":"Nethery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2081-1121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine M.","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cedars Sinai Medical Center","place":["Los Angeles, USA"]},{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3260-9692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jochem O.","family":"Klompmaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9169-6458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Roscoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grete E.","family":"Wilt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Harvard University","place":["Cambridge, USA"]},{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2813-2174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francine","family":"Laden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Harvard School of Public Health","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0826-1163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime E.","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.061832"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2023.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-021-01058-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(22)00117-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-311821"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2010.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-9-42"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2010.056507"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3574"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2014-204012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2016.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.03.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10903127.2017.1381790"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.071"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-316452"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81197-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.07.205"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.10.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39538"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113130"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000907"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"93","article-title":"Epidemiology of sudden death: insights from the Framingham study","volume":"15","author":"Kannel WB","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kannel WB, McGee DL. Epidemiology of sudden death: insights from the Framingham study. Cardiovasc Clin. 1985;15:93\u2013105.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Clin"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2020-107018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.01.081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-023-00414-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2007.033175"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-012-9380-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3462013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1688"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EE9.0000000000000105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-018-0105-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000065223.21530.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.65.3.457"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.976092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EE9.0000000000000235"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780080504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","first-page":"1580","article-title":"Cold snaps, snowfall and sudden death from ischemic heart disease","volume":"121","author":"Anderson TW","year":"1979","unstructured":"Anderson TW, Rochard C. Cold snaps, snowfall and sudden death from ischemic heart disease. Can Med Assoc J. 1979;121:1580\u20131583.","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2020.102702"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.02.065"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","first-page":"681","article-title":"Relation entre la temp\u00e9rature ambiante, l'humidit\u00e9 et la mort subite cardiaque au nord de la Tunisie","volume":"92","author":"Ben Ahmed H","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ben Ahmed H, Allouche M, Zoghlami B, Shimi M, Gloulou F, Razghallah R, Baccar H, Hamdoun M. Relation entre la temp\u00e9rature ambiante, l'humidit\u00e9 et la mort subite cardiaque au nord de la Tunisie. Tunis Med. 2014;92:681\u2013685.","journal-title":"Tunis Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"Seasonal variation in sudden death in the Negev desert region of Israel","volume":"2","author":"Katz A","year":"2000","unstructured":"Katz A, Biron A, Ovsyshcher E, Porath A. Seasonal variation in sudden death in the Negev desert region of Israel. Isr Med Assoc J. 2000;2:17\u201321.","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-016-1221-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2772"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1024907917751301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9074"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2010.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-318726"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487316674818"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306549"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-13-0076"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-017-0669-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-19-0552"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","first-page":"818","article-title":"A study on yearly and daily circadian rhythm of cardiovascular events","volume":"48","author":"Zhang XW","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhang XW, Tan ZJ, Li YL, Wang B, Yu A, Zhang GQ. A study on yearly and daily circadian rhythm of cardiovascular events. Zhonghua Nei Ke za Zhi\u2014Chin J of Internal Med. 2009;48:818\u2013820.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nei Ke za Zhi\u2014Chin J of Internal Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2011.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41060"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020865"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-021-00722-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319862063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2013.09.069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16183270"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181b0868f"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.76"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2015.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0828-282X(10)70007-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114319"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2008.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2012.02407.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/hj.1998.v136.90226"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.09.054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303338"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.123.033829","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:24:54Z","timestamp":1791354294000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.123.033829"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.123.033829"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.123.033829","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e033829"}}