{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T11:40:20Z","timestamp":1784288420102,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"jah310626-sec-0001\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Sodium\u2010glucose cotransporter\u20102 inhibitors (SGLT2Is), dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 inhibitors (DPP4Is), and glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists have been associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes and prognosis. The comparative risks of new\u2010onset peripheral artery disease (PAD) between these medications remain unknown. This real\u2010world study compared the risks of PAD in patients exposed to SGLT2I and DPP4I.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec id=\"jah310626-sec-0002\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>METHODS AND RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">This was a retrospective population\u2010based cohort study of patients with type 2 diabetes on either an SGLT2I or a DPP4I between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2015, using a territory\u2010wide database from Hong Kong. The primary outcome was new\u2010onset PAD. The secondary outcomes were cardiovascular hospitalization, cardiovascular death, and all\u2010cause death. Propensity score matching (1:1 ratio) using the nearest neighbor search was performed. Multivariable Cox regression with time\u2010weighted variables was used to identify significant associations. A 3\u2010arm analysis including the glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonist cohort was conducted. This cohort included 75\u2009470 patients with type 2 diabetes (median age, 62.3\u00b112.8\u2009years; 55.79% men). The SGLT2I and DPP4I groups consisted of 28\u2009753 patients and 46\u2009717 patients, respectively. After matching, 186 and 256 patients had PAD in the SGLT2I and DPP4I groups, respectively, over a median follow\u2010up of 5.6\u2009years. SGLT2I use was associated with lower risks of PAD (hazard ratio [HR], 0.79 [95% CI, 0.66\u20130.93]) compared with DPP4I use after adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, medications, renal function, and glycemic tests. The association remained consistent regardless of sex, age, and other metabolic diseases. In the 3\u2010arm analysis, the risk of PAD was not statistically different between SGLT2Is and glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (HR, 1.18 [95% CI, 0.52\u20132.68]). The results remained consistent in the competing risk and the sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec id=\"jah310626-sec-0004\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">SGLT2I use among patients with type 2 diabetes was associated with lower risks of new\u2010onset PAD and PAD\u2010related outcomes when compared with DPP4Is after adjustments.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.123.034175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T10:36:28Z","timestamp":1747910188000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of New\u2010Onset Peripheral Artery Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Exposed to Sodium\u2013Glucose Cotransporter\u20102 Inhibitors, Dipeptidyl Peptidase\u20104 Inhibitors, or Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Agonists: A Population\u2010Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Oscar Hou\u2010In","family":"Chou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Analytics Group","place":["Hong Kong, China"]},{"name":"The University of Hong Kong","place":["Hong Kong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0015-2023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford","place":["Oxford, UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0420-5359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheuk To Skylar","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Analytics Group","place":["Hong Kong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0231-2393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Analytics Group","place":["Hong Kong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huixian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","place":["Hong Kong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7566-9700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ishan","family":"Lakhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Analytics Group","place":["Hong Kong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2401-2837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharen","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Analytics Group","place":["Hong Kong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawnie Ho Hei","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Analytics Group","place":["Hong Kong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6819-0686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingpeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Hong Kong","place":["Hong Kong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0482-0738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4514-3780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wing Tak","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","place":["Hong Kong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9106-7363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard Man Yung","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Hong Kong","place":["Hong Kong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7566-1626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory Y. 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