{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:51:19Z","timestamp":1792068679653,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Angina with no obstructive coronary disease (ANOCA) and ischemia with no obstructive coronary disease, prevalent yet underrecognized conditions, mostly affect women. Previous studies rarely distinguished between them. We aimed to compare the prevalence of objective ischemia through various examinations in women with ANOCA and assess the impact of objective and subjective ischemia on their mental health.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              A total of 84 eligible women with ANOCA and 42 controls underwent mental stress, pharmacological stress, exercise stress, and Holter testing. Objective evidence of myocardial ischemia was assessed by positron emission tomography\u2010computed tomography and ECG, and subjective symptoms were graded using the Canadian Cardiovascular Society scale (CCS). Psychological assessments were conducted using 6 scales. Among 84 women with ANOCA, 37 (44%) received a diagnosis of ischemia with no obstructive coronary disease following mental stress testing, 20 (28.6%) through pharmacological stress testing, 14 (21.2%) via exercise stress testing, and 24 (32.9%) from Holter. Mental stress\u2010induced myocardial ischemia was more prevalent (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.05). Among 54 patients with ANOCA who completed all tests, 30% showed no ischemia, and only 1 (1.9%) showed ischemia in all tests. In addition, patients with ANOCA had higher psychological scores than controls (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.01). No significant differences was observed in psychological scores between ANOCA with positive and negative ischemia test results (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &gt;0.05). However, ANOCA with milder angina (CCS I) exhibited higher scores across the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist\u2010Civilian Version and a higher prevalence of Type D personality traits (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.05).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In patients with ANOCA, the positive rate of myocardial ischemia exhibits variability among several noninvasive tests. A worsened psychological state is more closely linked to milder angina symptoms than to ischemia performance, highlighting the importance of focusing on symptom management in their psychological care.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              URL:\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n              ; Unique identifier: NCT03982901.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.034644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T11:30:14Z","timestamp":1722425414000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Objective Ischemia, Subjective Angina, and Psychological Distress in Angina With No Obstructive Coronary Disease"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yuting","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)","place":["Shenzhen, China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center","place":["Durham, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8210-9610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haochen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7447-4311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1881-9383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingxue","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5857-117X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haofeng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingqing","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengyao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2247-4306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)","place":["Shenzhen, China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5642-975X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quanjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanting","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)","place":["Shenzhen, China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueju","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7772-8863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuxia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4150-9201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2588-1807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingshan","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)","place":["Shenzhen, China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31012-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.726562"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy185"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000130642.79868.B2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0195-668x(03)00279-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.92.8.2102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0735-1097(99)00075-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.11.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-038362"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.54.3.947585"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.134613"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030849"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.97.6.535"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0753-5_2825"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"62","article-title":"PTSD checklist\u2010civilian (PCL\u2010C) Chinese reversion in cancer inpatients","volume":"26","author":"Wang XM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang XM, Liu J, Wang Q, Yang YP. PTSD checklist\u2010civilian (PCL\u2010C) Chinese reversion in cancer inpatients. Med Inf. 2013;26:62\u201363.","journal-title":"Med Inf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000149256.81953.49"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2020.109990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","volume-title":"Braunwald's Heart Disease e\u2010Book: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine","author":"Bonow RO","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P. Braunwald's Heart Disease e\u2010Book: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.65.5.1296"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab061"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-017-1136-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041595"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.120.009019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.146.suppl_1.11224"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-20-00779"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.123.013657"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.17649"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.115.157990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nuclcard.2006.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.008532"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000021598.15895.34"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/hm.hm_11_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(98)70050-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(96)00033-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.951183"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/hm.hm_14_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024360"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2015.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.108.841056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.08m04114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03428-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/hm.hm_35_22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/rep0000027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458505ms1168oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S190003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2021.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0278-6133.17.3.262"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.064751"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.124.034644","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T03:47:50Z","timestamp":1744861670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.124.034644"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.124.034644"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.124.034644","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e034644"}}