{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T11:36:49Z","timestamp":1791545809089,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">The causal relationship between childhood adiposity and adult risk of heart diseases has not been clearly demonstrated. This study aims to ascertain whether genetically predicted childhood body mass index (BMI) and childhood obesity are causally associated with adult coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and pulmonary heart disease.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">To investigate the causative relationships and underlying mechanisms between childhood adiposity and adult heart diseases, 3 main methods of Mendelian randomization were used: 2\u2010sample Mendelian randomization, multivariable Mendelian randomization with controlling for several cardiometabolic risk variables, and mediation analysis. Every 1\u2010SD rise in genetically predicted childhood body mass index was associated with 24% (odds ratio [OR], 1.24 [95% CI, 1.12\u20131.37]), 28% (OR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.14\u20131.42]), 28% (OR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.14\u20131.42]), and 27% (OR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.04\u20131.49]) higher risk of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation, respectively. Every 1\u2010unit increase in log\u2010odds in childhood obesity was associated with 11% (OR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.06\u20131.16]), 14% (OR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.04\u20131.23]), 10% (OR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.03\u20131.18]), and 20% (OR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.08\u20131.32]) higher risk of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation, respectively. The link between childhood adiposity and adult heart diseases was found to be mediated by high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Our findings support the causal relationships between childhood adiposity and risk of adult coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Blood lipids, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes are factors that mediate the aforementioned associations.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.035365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T03:32:01Z","timestamp":1722483121000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Childhood Adiposity and Risk of Major Clinical Heart Diseases in Adulthood: A Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijia","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuli","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1325-888X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Long","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60460-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.6361"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-023-00709-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072515"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv154"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000247"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21758"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-2141"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-021-00865-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016825"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2021.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001123"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008718"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2247"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3396"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mitja IK Juha K Priit P Timo PS Kati K Kati D Mary PR Hannele L Mervi A Mari AK et\u00a0al. 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