{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T02:09:01Z","timestamp":1782871741978,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"22","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Our aim was to assess the relationships of cardiovascular health metrics, cardiorespiratory fitness, lean mass, and fat percentage with arterial structure and function from childhood to adolescence.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Five hundred four children aged 6 to 9\u2009years were examined in the PANIC (Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children) study at baseline, 2 and 8\u2009years later. The associations of adjusted American Heart Association cardiovascular health metrics (smoking status, body mass index\u2014SD score, moderate\u2010to\u2010vigorous physical activity, diet quality, plasma total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, plasma glucose categorized into poor, intermediate, and ideal), the American Heart Association cardiovascular health score, cardiorespiratory fitness measured by maximal oxygen uptake in a bicycle exercise test, lean mass and fat percentage with carotid intima\u2013media thickness (cIMT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were analyzed cross\u2010sectionally and longitudinally in 277 participants at age 15 to 17\u2009years. Higher American Heart Association cardiovascular health score at baseline was associated with lower PWV at 8\u2010year follow\u2010up (\u00df, \u22120.19 [95% CI, \u20130.32 to \u22120.05]). Higher body mass index\u2014SD score and systolic blood pressure were associated with higher cIMT (\u00df, 0.18 [95% CI, 0.05\u20130.31]); and (\u00df, 0.13 [95% CI, 0.00\u20130.25]; respectively) and PWV (\u00df, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.07\u20130.34]) and (\u00df, 0.13 [95% CI, 0.00\u20130.26]; respectively) at 8\u2010year follow\u2010up. Higher moderate\u2010to\u2010vigorous physical activity was associated with higher cIMT (\u00df, 0.25 [95% CI, 0.07\u20130.43]); yet lower PWV (\u00df, \u22120.25 [95% CI, \u20100.44 to \u20100.06]) at 8\u2010year follow\u2010up. Better cardiorespiratory fitness (\u00df, 0.29 [95% CI, 0.08\u20130.51]) and higher lean mass (\u00df, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.03\u20130.98]) were associated with higher cIMT after accounting for American Heart Association cardiovascular health score at 8\u2010year follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">While our results suggest that higher cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood may exert unfavorable effects on arterial health during adolescence, we demonstrated the complexity of relationships between cardiovascular health metrics and arterial health indicators in childhood and adolescence. We found different associations of cardiovascular health metrics with cIMT and PWV in childhood and adolescence, calling for caution when interpreting the results of various cardiovascular risk factors with measures of arterial health, particularly in youth.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              URL:\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n              ; Unique identifier: NCT01803776.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          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