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There are many interacting factors that may perturb neurodevelopment during the fetal period and manifest as structural brain alterations, such as altered cerebral substrate delivery and aberrant fetal hemodynamics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We extracted structural covariance networks from the log Jacobian determinants of 435 in utero T2 weighted image magnetic resonance imaging scans, (n=67 controls, 368 with CHD) acquired during the third trimester. We fit general linear models to test whether age, sex, expected cerebral substrate delivery, and CHD diagnosis were significant predictors of structural covariance. We identified significant effects of age, sex, cerebral substrate delivery, and specific CHD diagnosis across a variety of structural covariance networks, including primary motor and sensory cortices, cerebellar regions, frontal cortex, extra\u2010axial cerebrospinal fluid, thalamus, brainstem, and insula, consistent with widespread coordinated aberrant maturation of specific brain regions over the third trimester.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Structural covariance networks offer a sensitive, data\u2010driven approach to explore whole\u2010brain structural changes without anatomical priors. We used them to stratify a heterogenous patient cohort with CHD, highlighting similarities and differences between diagnoses during fetal neurodevelopment. Although there was a clear effect of abnormal fetal hemodynamics on structural brain maturation, our results suggest that this alone does not explain all the variation in brain development between individuals with CHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.035880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T07:05:57Z","timestamp":1729839957000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Structural Covariance Networks in the Fetal Brain Reveal Altered Neurodevelopment for Specific Subtypes of Congenital Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4617-3583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Si\u00e2n","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9814-8841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Cromb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5487-5564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra F.","family":"Bonthrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alena","family":"Uus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"King\u2019s College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexia","family":"Egloff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1739-4726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milou P. 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