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Based on the combined findings and review of the evidence, an international panel of authors identified gaps in science, inequities in care and diversity in outcomes, and suggested research opportunities and next steps. The science pertaining to ECPR would benefit from the United States contributing uniform data to existing registries and sharing common data with the ELSO (Extracorporeal Life Support Organization) international registry to increase the sample size for observational research. In addition, well\u2010designed efficacy trials, recruiting across different regions of care evaluating long\u2010term follow\u2010up, including patient reported outcomes, cost effectiveness, and equity measures, would contribute significantly to the body of science. Workshop participants defined the population of patients with out\u2010of\u2010hospital cardiac arrest most likely to benefit from ECPR. ECPR\u2010eligible patients include those aged 18 to 75\u2009years functioning independently without comorbidity; before suffering a witnessed out\u2010of\u2010hospital cardiac arrest and without any obvious cause of the cardiac arrest; presenting in a shockable rhythm and transported with mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation to an ECPR\u2010capable institute within 30 minutes, which is recommended after 3 rounds of advanced life support treatment without return of spontaneous circulation. 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