{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T22:48:14Z","timestamp":1787870894643,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Atherosclerosis develops across the life course, and variation in aortic intima\u2010media thickness (IMT) is evident from infancy onward, although most early\u2010life data are cross\u2010sectional. We investigated whether abdominal aortic IMT at age 6\u2009weeks is associated with vascular measures at 4\u2009years and the relationship of prenatal and perinatal exposures with these measures in early childhood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      We analyzed data from 518 participants with 6\u2010week and 4\u2010year vascular measures from the Barwon Infant Study. Aortic IMT was measured at 6\u2009weeks (mean, 6.1\u00b1SD 1.5\u2009weeks) and aortic and carotid IMT, carotid\u2013femoral pulse wave velocity, and blood pressure at 4\u2009years of age (4.3\u00b10.3\u2009years). Associations of early\u2010life exposures\u2014maternal enteric microbiome, smoking and low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol during pregnancy, birth weight, and gestational age\u2014were also investigated. In the primary model, 6\u2010week aortic IMT (649\u00b166\u2009\u03bcm) was associated with small differences in 4\u2010year carotid IMT (453\u00b145\u2009\u03bcm) (mean difference in carotid IMT per 100\u2009\u03bcm higher 6\u2010week aortic IMT=7.0\u2009\u03bcm [95% CI, 0.7\u201313.3];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.03), with no evidence for associations with 4\u2010year aortic IMT, pulse wave velocity, or blood pressure. Higher birth weight was associated with greater 4\u2010year aortic IMT, and maternal smoking with higher systolic blood pressure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Vascular measures do not show strong evidence of tracking between infancy and early childhood. Longitudinal studies with repeated assessment beyond age 4\u2009years would inform optimal timing of early prevention and targets for primordial prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.036611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T05:55:02Z","timestamp":1730699702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Tracking of Vascular Measures From Infancy to Early Childhood: A Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1282-6331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toby","family":"Mansell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Royal Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Parkville, Australia"]},{"name":"University of Melbourne","place":["Parkville, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Nuotio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Royal Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Parkville, Australia"]},{"name":"University of Turku","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"University of Turku and Turku University Hospital","place":["Turku, Finland"]},{"name":"Turku University Hospital and University of Turku","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6580-0346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Vuillermin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin University","place":["Geelong, Australia"]},{"name":"Barwon Health","place":["Geelong, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6581-3657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne\u2010Louise","family":"Ponsonby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Royal Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Parkville, Australia"]},{"name":"University of Melbourne","place":["Parkville, Australia"]},{"name":"University of Melbourne","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6793-2262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Lawlor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol","place":["UK"]},{"name":"University of Bristol","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"McCloskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin University","place":["Geelong, Australia"]},{"name":"Barwon Health","place":["Geelong, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9498-364X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Juonala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Royal Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Parkville, Australia"]},{"name":"Turku University Hospital","place":["Turku, Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8304-4302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David P.","family":"Burgner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Royal Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Parkville, Australia"]},{"name":"University of Melbourne","place":["Parkville, Australia"]},{"name":"Monash University","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Barwon Infant 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