{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:08:27Z","timestamp":1787062107780,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Mean aortic pressure (MAP) plays a pivotal role in both cardiovascular dynamics and the noninvasive estimation of systolic aortic pressure. MAP can be estimated by adding a fraction of the pulse pressure (PP) to the diastolic aortic pressure, known as the form factor (FF=100\u00d7[MAP\u2212diastolic aortic pressure]\/PP). A 41.2% FF is recommended, yet this single value may not adequately account for age\u2010 and pressure\u2010related changes in both pressure waveform and central\u2010to\u2010peripheral pulse pressure amplification (pulse pressure amplification=peripheral PP\/central PP=central FF\/peripheral FF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      This secondary analysis included data extracted from 11 high\u2010fidelity invasive pressure studies. Individual data on age, high\u2010fidelity systolic aortic pressure, diastolic aortic pressure, and time\u2010averaged MAP were reanalyzed to calculate FF values and assess the influence of age and central hypertension on FF. The pooled data included 320 adults, comprising our own database (n=139). Among them, 97 subjects were initially categorized as \u201cnormal,\u201d 82 with hypertension, and 141 with diverse cardiac conditions (median age, 48\u2009years; MAP, 102\u2009mm\u2009Hg). The FF value (mean, 44%) decreased with age (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =0.29,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.0001). A value of 50% was most appropriate for the youngest subjects, while FF tended toward 40% in older subjects. FF was lower in subjects with central hypertension (systolic aortic pressure\/diastolic aortic pressure \u2265130\/90\u2009mm\u2009Hg; n=169) compared with those without. In both groups, FF decreased with age, showing similar slopes for the FF\u2013age relationship.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Aortic FF decreased with age and was lower in subjects with central hypertension. Unlike applying a fixed FF, this decline aligned with pathophysiological changes in pressure waveform and pulse pressure amplification, with potential implications for improving MAP estimation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.037064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T06:36:13Z","timestamp":1741847773000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Influence of Age and Central Hypertension on the Form Factor Needed to Estimate Mean Aortic Pressure, and Its Implications for Pulse Pressure Amplification: A Secondary Data Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1161","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7479-9896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Chemla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Marie Lannelongue","place":["Le Plessis\u2010Robinson, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3379-4065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Jozwiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation CHU de Nice","place":["Nice, France"]},{"name":"Univ. C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur","place":["Nice, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Millasseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulse Wave Consulting","place":["Saint Leu La Foret, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5272-695X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Attal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","place":["Jerusalem, Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"415","volume-title":"Physiology","author":"Berne RM","year":"1998","unstructured":"Berne RM, Levy MN. The arterial system. In: Berne RM, Levy MN, eds Physiology. 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