{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:04:20Z","timestamp":1788498260641,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Patients hospitalized with COVID\u201019 from socioeconomically vulnerable communities are at risk for in\u2010hospital cardiovascular events. However, the association of socioeconomic vulnerability and outcomes after hospitalization is uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">American Heart Association COVID\u201019 Cardiovascular Disease Registry hospitalizations between March 1, 2020, and June 30, 2022, linked with Medicare fee\u2010for\u2010service claims, were analyzed. We used Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Social Vulnerability Index to ascertain county\u2010level and Medicare\u2010Medicaid dual eligibility to ascertain patient\u2010level social vulnerability. We evaluated the association between social vulnerability and a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, venous thromboembolism, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, and death, following discharge, using Cox regression models. The study included 8565 patients (mean age 78 years, 50% female, 16% Black, 4% Hispanic, 25% dual eligible, 34% residing in the most vulnerable counties). Patients residing in the most vulnerable counties, and dual eligible patients, were more likely to be female, Black or Hispanic, and have increased comorbidities. A total of 3783 (52%) patients experienced a composite outcome. We found no association between the most vulnerable, compared with least vulnerable, counties and cardiovascular events (hazard ratio [HR], 0.97 [95% CI, 0.87\u20131.07]). Dual eligibility, compared with nondual eligibility, was associated with increased cardiovascular events (HR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.19\u20131.37]), which was attenuated after adjusting for comorbidities (HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.89\u20131.04]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Among survivors of COVID\u201019 hospitalization, patient\u2010level social vulnerability was associated with cardiovascular events, explained by increased comorbidities. County\u2010level social vulnerability was not observed to be a risk for postdischarge events. Findings suggest targeting public health efforts toward dual eligible patients to mitigate poor outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.038073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T23:49:36Z","timestamp":1742600976000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Social Vulnerability and Long\u2010Term Cardiovascular Outcomes After COVID\u201019 Hospitalization: An Analysis of the American Heart Association COVID\u201019 Registry Linked With Medicare Claims Data"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5584-9760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Fakhraei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8052-8395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9510-2979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dhruv S.","family":"Kazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1089-3896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rishi K.","family":"Wadhera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2211-7261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James A.","family":"de Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","place":["Dallas, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8454-1925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandeep R.","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","place":["Dallas, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9589-5382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A.","family":"Morrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2215-9931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Issa J.","family":"Dahabreh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T. 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