{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:54:06Z","timestamp":1790888046284,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In\u2010hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The relationships between race and ethnicity and sex on outcomes and treatment patterns among patients with IHCA remain poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We conducted a retrospective study using the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2016 to 2020 to identify adult patients with IHCA and examine the associations between in\u2010hospital outcomes and race and ethnicity (White, Black, Hispanic) and sex. The primary outcome was in\u2010hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included rates of in\u2010hospital procedures. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for potential confounders. Among 207\u2009770 patients with IHCA, 26.6% had ventricular tachycardia\/ventricular fibrillation and 73.4% had pulseless electrical activity\/asystole. For ventricular tachycardia\/ventricular fibrillation arrest, Black men (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.42 [95% CI, 1.21\u20131.66]), Black women (aOR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.05\u20131.50]), and Hispanic women (aOR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.01\u20131.66]) had higher odds of mortality compared with White men (corresponding adjusted risk ratios [aRRs], 1.10 [CI, 1.06\u20131.14], 1.06 [95% CI, 1.02\u20131.11], and 1.08 [95% CI, 1.01\u20131.14], respectively). In the pulseless electrical activity\/asystole arrest subgroup, Black men (aOR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.11\u20131.39]) and Hispanic men (aOR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.07\u20131.40]) had higher odds of mortality (corresponding aRRs, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.02\u20131.06] and 1.04 [95% CI, 1.01\u20131.06], respectively). Black patients with IHCA were less likely to receive percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, and mechanical circulatory support compared with White men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Significant racial and ethnic and sex disparities exist in outcomes and treatment patterns among patients with IHCA. Targeted efforts and further studies are needed to better understand and address these disparities and improve outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.038683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T06:44:57Z","timestamp":1731307497000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Racial and Ethnic and Sex Disparities in the Outcomes and Treatment of In\u2010Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Nationwide Analysis From the United States"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8285-0273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdilahi","family":"Mohamoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Hennepin Healthcare Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7645-1924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadhem","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Hennepin Healthcare Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9033-7835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Ismayl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5507-3675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Linzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Hennepin Healthcare Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rehan M.","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Hennepin Healthcare Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9303-6074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdirahman","family":"Wardhere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DHJ Services New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2952-7837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Goldsweig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Baystate Medical Center Springfield MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.1696"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1109148"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001209"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2200798"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2019.01.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.014178"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.004710"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.025758"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.020828"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.027716"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.031021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000534"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-022-02084-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2017.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9572(00)00342-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.11.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.2403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.015629"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.019907"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"HCUP\u2010US Overview . 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