{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T19:52:30Z","timestamp":1783540350126,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Stroke and dementia are leading causes of mortality and can be prevented through risk factor management. Risk factor assessment requires laboratory or physical measurements. We aimed to determine whether self\u2010reported risk factors serve as reliable proxies and predict stroke\u2010 and dementia\u2010related mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We used cross\u2010sectional data from the NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) from 1999 to 2018 linked to National Death Index records. We included participants with available data on self\u2010reported and measured hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, kidney disease, hearing impairment and overweight. Reliability was assessed using F1 scores, and used survey\u2010weighted Cox\u2010proportional hazards models evaluated associations with stroke\u2010 or dementia\u2010related mortality. Reliability of self\u2010reported risk factors was highest in overweight (F1 score 0.81, sensitivity 76%, specificity 77%) and diabetes (F1 score 0.71, sensitivity 77%, specificity 97%) and lowest for kidney disease (F1 score 0.25, sensitivity 16%, specificity 98%). Self\u2010reported hypertension (hazard ratio [HR], 1.49 [95% CI, 1.14\u20131.94]) and diabetes (HR, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.18\u20132.12]) were associated with stroke\u2010related mortality, comparable to measured risk factors. For dementia\u2010related mortality, only measured hearing impairment (all dementia cases had hearing impairment at baseline) and both self\u2010reported (HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.37\u20130.68]) and measured overweight (HR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.52\u20130.93]) were associated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In conclusion, the reliability and validity of self\u2010reported risk factors for stroke and dementia differ between risk factors. Although self\u2010reported measures vary in their reliability, they perform equally as well as objective metrics for evaluating the risk of stroke\u2010 and dementia\u2010related mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.038730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T23:44:26Z","timestamp":1742600666000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Reliability and Validity of Self\u2010Reported Risk Factors for Stroke and Dementia"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3204-0309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reinier W. 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Q.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard","place":["Cambridge, USA"]},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6479-9155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nirupama","family":"Yechoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard","place":["Cambridge, USA"]},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1014-9138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Rosand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard","place":["Cambridge, USA"]},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjula D.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard","place":["Cambridge, USA"]},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0053-2002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard","place":["Cambridge, USA"]},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30499-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60834-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207739"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.31460"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw077"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-016-2779-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S104807"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(99)00069-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2022-219096"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-014-0196-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40072-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.15009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","volume-title":"NHANES Questionnaires, Datasets, and Related Documentation","author":"CDC","year":"2024","unstructured":"CDC . 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