{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:32:10Z","timestamp":1793226730039,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is an indolent, potentially fatal disease, which progresses at variable rates that are influenced by pathogenesis and patient characteristics. We conducted a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis to synthesize the current evidence on growth rate (GR) and predictive factors among patients with syndromic and nonsyndromic heritable thoracic aortic disease, bicuspid aortic valve, and sporadic TAA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Online databases were searched for studies that reported aortic growth on adult patients with asymptomatic TAA. Pooled GRs were calculated for 3 different TAA groups: syndromic heritable thoracic aortic disease, bicuspid aortic valve, and sporadic TAA. The search yielded 6297 studies, of which 85 were included in the systematic review, and 55 in the meta\u2010analysis of growth rate (10 syndromic heritable thoracic aortic disease, 31 bicuspid aortic valve, and 34 sporadic subgroups). Mean observed TAA GR was 0.25\u2009mm\/y (95% CI, \u22120.18 to 0.68) in Turner syndrome, 0.45\u2009mm\/y (95% CI, 0.00\u20130.90) in Marfan syndrome, and 0.81\u2009mm\/y (95% CI, \u22120.46 to 2.08) in Loeys\u2013Dietz syndrome. The mean observed GR in patients with bicuspid aortic valve before aortic valve surgery was 0.37\u2009mm\/y (95% CI, 0.29\u20130.46), compared with 0.18\u2009mm\/y (95% CI, 0.14\u20130.33) in postsurgical studies. Mean observed GR in sporadic ascending TAA was 0.33\u2009mm\/y (95% CI, 0.13\u20130.52) and 2.71\u2009mm\/y (95% CI, 0.53\u20134.88) in descending TAA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Considering all pathogeneses, ascending TAAs typically grow at 0.25 to 1\u2009mm\/y, and thus annual surveillance is likely too frequent to detect growth in most patients. Studies vary widely in populations, methodology, and outcomes, with few high\u2010quality longitudinal studies and no predictors of aortic GR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.038821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T06:15:32Z","timestamp":1743056132000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Growth Rates and Predicting Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Henry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan","place":["Ann Arbor, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5290-7294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Campello Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan","place":["Ann Arbor, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter A.J.","family":"van Bakel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan","place":["Ann Arbor, USA"]},{"name":"University Medical Center Utrecht","place":["Utrecht, The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8617-8958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather A.","family":"Knauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan","place":["Ann Arbor, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"MacEachern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan","place":["Ann Arbor, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1165-5179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joost A.","family":"van Herwaarden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center Utrecht","place":["Utrecht, The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4714-2420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gisela","family":"Teixid\u00f3\u2010Tura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8182-1174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Evangelista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1281-0505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richmond W.","family":"Jeremy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sydney","place":["Sydney, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3934-6506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. 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