{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:31:47Z","timestamp":1792621907559,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Prior studies have reported conflicting evidence on racial disparities in heart transplant outcomes, often focusing only on short\u2010term mortality rates. We assessed longer\u2010term survival and a broader range of post\u2013heart transplant outcomes by race.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We analyzed adult heart transplant recipients from 2017 to 2022 in the SRTR (Scientific Registry for Transplant Recipients), categorizing race as Black, non\u2010Hispanic White, or Other. The primary outcome was graft failure at 1 and 3\u2009years. Secondary outcomes included acute rejection, renal dysfunction, and posttransplant diabetes. \u03c7\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              tests and Kaplan\u2013Meier\/logistic regression analyses were used.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Among 15\u2009873 recipients (63% White, 23% Black, 14% Other), Black recipients were more likely female, publicly insured, and less likely to be college educated. They also had higher use of durable ventricular assist devices and intra\u2010aortic balloon pump at transplant. One\u2010year graft survival was similar across groups (91.8% Black versus 91.1% non\u2010Black), but 3\u2010year survival was lower among Black individuals (83.4% versus 85.7%,\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.006). After adjusting for socioeconomic and clinical factors, Black recipients had a higher risk of graft failure at 3\u2009years (odds ratio, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.07\u20131.39]). Black patients also experienced higher rates of acute rejection (12.4% versus 10.2%), diabetes (10.8% versus 7.1%), and renal dysfunction progression (40.9% versus 37.1%) at 3\u2009years (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.05 for all).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Racial disparities in heart transplant outcomes persist, particularly in longer\u2010term survival. These disparities may be partially mediated by differences in posttransplant complications such as rejection, renal dysfunction, and diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.038892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T12:08:41Z","timestamp":1758802121000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Racial Disparities in Heart Transplantation: Long\u2010Term Graft Survival and Nonmortality Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8539-4322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven Anthony","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center","place":["San Francisco, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Wayda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingjie","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University","place":["Stanford, USA"]},{"name":"Stanford University","place":["Stanford, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8746-1931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University","place":["Stanford, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9697-5926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiran K.","family":"Khush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University","place":["Stanford, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004173"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.113.000911"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262945"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.021067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2022.100290"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2023.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2023.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2016.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2020.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.976811"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011676"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2015.01.987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.064499"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2021.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31826e592e"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199802270-00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000003647"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006050524"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.arrt.2003.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2008.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2015.10.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-020-00906-4"}],"container-title":["Journal 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