{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T19:46:32Z","timestamp":1789415192692,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"jah310921-sec-0001\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Abnormal birth weight and infant weight gain are recognized as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Exercise testing can detect subtle differences in cardiovascular function not present at rest. We examined associations of fetal and infant growth with the cardiovascular stress response in adolescence.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec id=\"jah310921-sec-0002\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We examined a subsample of 207 children from a population\u2010based prospective cohort from fetal life onwards. Fetal and infant growth were assessed from the second trimester to 2\u2009years. At 16\u2009years, participants performed an isometric handgrip exercise with continuous heart rate and blood pressure monitoring and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec id=\"jah310921-sec-0003\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Children showed a clear peak in heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure during exercise, followed by a decrease below baseline after exercise cessation, before stabilizing. Higher gestational age was associated with lower systolic blood pressure throughout the exercise (differences per SD score increase in gestational age: rest, \u22122.24\u2009mm\u2009Hg [95% CI, \u22124.23 to \u22120.25\u2009mm\u2009Hg], peak exercise (\u22122.37\u2009mm\u2009Hg [95% CI, \u22124.70 to \u22120.04\u2009mm\u2009Hg]), recovery (\u22122.57\u2009mm\u2009Hg [95% CI, \u22124.72 to \u22120.42\u2009mm\u2009Hg])) but not with heart rate or CMR outcomes. No consistent associations were present for birth weight or infant growth with the cardiovascular stress response.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec id=\"jah310921-sec-0004\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">A lower gestational age at birth is associated with an altered response to exercise in systolic blood pressure. Fetal or infant growth is not associated with differences in cardiovascular response to exercise\u2010induced stress in adolescence in a relatively healthy population. Follow\u2010up of children born preterm is important to enable early identification and prevention of cardiovascular disease development.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.039685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T10:22:19Z","timestamp":1752488539000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fetal and Infant Growth and the Cardiovascular Stress Response in Adolescence: A Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in a Pediatric Population\u2010Based Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Arwen S. J.","family":"Kamphuis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasmus MC, University Medical Center","place":["Rotterdam, The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Erasmus MC, University Medical Center","place":["Rotterdam, The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3315-2006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center","place":["Rotterdam, The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Erasmus MC, University Medical Center","place":["Rotterdam, The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitris","family":"Rizopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasmus MC, University Medical Center","place":["Rotterdam, The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3792-615X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo P. 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