{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T16:56:00Z","timestamp":1775753760743,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"jah311105-sec-0001\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Excess epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been associated with cardiovascular diseases such as atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. The metabolomic signature of EAT is not well studied.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec id=\"jah311105-sec-0002\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Untargeted 1H nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics profiling of serum was performed (1\u2010dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, Carr\u2013Purcell\u2013Meiboom\u2013Gill Echo Train Acquisition, lipidomics) and EAT was measured with computed tomography in MESA (Multi\u2010Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; N=3936) and the Rotterdam study (N=465). Associations between fasting serum metabolites and EAT volume were assessed using cross\u2010sectional linear regression of individual\u2010level data in MESA and validated in Rotterdam.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec id=\"jah311105-sec-0003\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              A total of 23\u2009571 metabolomic spectral variables were evaluated. In MESA, after adjustment for age, sex, and race and ethnicity, 38 metabolites were positively and 19 metabolites negatively associated with EAT at a false discovery rate\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.01. Several metabolites were replicated in Rotterdam, including 1,5\u2010anhydrosorbitol and N\u2010acetyl (glycoproteins) that were positively associated with EAT and trimethylamine (phospholipids) that were inversely associated with EAT. Branched\u2010chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) and 3\u2010hydroxybutyrate were also associated with EAT in the Rotterdam study. In MESA, apolipoprotein B and very\u2010low\u2010density and intermediate\u2010density lipoprotein fractions were positively associated with EAT and the majority of high\u2010density lipoprotein subclasses were inversely associated with EAT. Associations were partially attenuated in MESA and fully attenuated in Rotterdam after further adjustment for health and socioeconomic factors.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec id=\"jah311105-sec-0004\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">From &gt;20\u2009000 metabolomic features, 1,5\u2010anhydrosorbitol, glycoproteins, phospholipids, and atherogenic dyslipidemia markers emerged as significant markers of EAT. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether nuclear magnetic resonance\u2013based metabolic profiling can improve EAT detection with implications for cardiometabolic health.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.039750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T05:52:23Z","timestamp":1750225943000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Metabolomics Profiling of Epicardial Adipose Tissue: MESA and the Rotterdam Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2831-3618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian J.","family":"Neeland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine","place":["Cleveland, 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Miami","place":["Miami, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4496-2863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Farzaneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasmus MC University Medical Center","place":["Rotterdam, The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8979-2603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Bos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasmus MC University Medical Center","place":["Rotterdam, The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Erasmus MC University Medical Center","place":["Rotterdam, The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9476-7143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Ghanbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasmus MC University Medical Center","place":["Rotterdam, The 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