{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T06:23:44Z","timestamp":1792218224058,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We aimed to assess the longitudinal changes of glycocalyx, a proteoglycan\/glycoprotein layer that lines and protects endothelial cells in normotensive pregnancies (NPs); to correlate glycocalyx parameters with kidney injury markers (podocin\u2010positive to nephrin\u2010positive [P\/N] ratio); and to explore changes in P\/N ratio in preeclampsia.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Plasma and urine samples and glycocalyx measurements using side\u2010stream darkfield imaging were collected at each trimester from pregnant women (n=31). Plasma glycocalyx components were measured by ELISA, and urinary P\/N\u2010positive extracellular vesicles by flow cytometry.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              In NPs (n=26), glycocalyx degradation increased from the first to the second trimester (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.008) and returned to first\u2010trimester values in the third trimester (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.008). Microvascular perfusion decreased from the first to the second trimester (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.006) and increased back to first\u2010trimester values by the third trimester (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.039). Plasma syndecan 1 level showed a steady increase from the first to the second trimester (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001) and further in the third trimester (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001); hyaluronic acid increased from the first to the second trimester (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.016) without further changes. Glycocalyx degradation was associated with an increase in P\/N ratio from the first to the second trimester of NPs and remained stable through the third trimester. P\/N ratio strongly correlated with elevated syndecan 1 and hyaluronic acid levels in the third trimester. Comparison of P\/N ratios between NP and preeclampsia (n=5) showed higher values in preeclampsia across all trimesters (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.028).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Glycocalyx changes during NPs are associated with elevated urinary podocyte markers. Increase in P\/N ratio across NPs, and further in preeclampsia, suggests that podocyte injury in preeclampsia is extension of physiological changes in pregnancy, which may predate its clinical presentation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.039904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T12:03:53Z","timestamp":1752753833000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Longitudinal Study of the Vascular Glycocalyx and Urinary Podocyte Markers During Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0186-9448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Garcia Valencia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic","place":["Rochester, 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M.","family":"Milic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Belgrade","place":["Serbia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7490-2600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracey L.","family":"Weissgerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIH QUEST Center for Responsible Research","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2905-964X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Dokic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic","place":["Rochester, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Gavrilovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic","place":["Rochester, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennet","family":"Hatamova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo 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