{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T16:33:43Z","timestamp":1793723623343,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Arterial stiffness is associated with pathological changes underlying Alzheimer disease and related dementias. Total pulse wave velocity can be subdivided into 2 main mechanisms: structural arterial stiffness (S\u2010PWV) due to intrinsic remodeling of the artery wall and load\u2010dependent arterial stiffness due to increased blood pressure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      In this prospective cohort study, MESA (Multi\u2010Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) participants completed B\u2010mode carotid ultrasounds from which carotid total pulse wave velocity was calculated. S\u2010PWV was calculated by adjusting pulse wave velocity to 120\/80\u2009mmHg\u00a0using a nonlinear pressure\u2010diameter relationship, and load\u2010dependent arterial stiffness was derived by subtracting S\u2010PWV from total pulse wave velocity. Participants had repeated cognitive assessments with the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument, Digit Symbol Coding, and Digit Span combined into a global cognitive composite (N=2489). Brain magnetic resonance imaging was used to generate total gray matter volume (N=906), white matter hyperintensity volume (N=896), and total white matter fractional anisotropy (N=810). Multivariable linear fixed and mixed effects regression models related standardized pulse wave velocity components to neuroimaging and cognitive decline parameters, respectively. Greater S\u2010PWV was associated with greater longitudinal cognitive decline in global cognitive composite score (\u03b2=\u20130.05,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.002) and subtests, whereas greater load\u2010dependent arterial stiffness was not associated with longitudinal cognitive decline. Greater S\u2010PWV was associated with lower gray matter volume (\u03b2=\u20133183.4,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.013) and higher log white matter hyperintensity volume (\u03b2=0.20,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001), whereas load\u2010dependent arterial stiffness was associated with lower total white matter fractional anisotropy (\u03b2=\u20130.004,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u22640.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Higher structural stiffness of the carotid artery is associated with cognitive decline, whereas both structural and load\u2010dependent stiffness are associated with brain structural abnormalities common in Alzheimer disease\u2010related dementias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.039925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T08:03:40Z","timestamp":1746173020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Total and Structural Carotid Artery Stiffness\u00a0Are Associated With Cognitive Decline and Structural Brain Abnormalities Related to Alzheimer Disease and Alzheimer\u00a0Disease\u2010Related Dementias Pathology: The\u00a0Multi\u2010Ethnic Study of\u00a0Atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8346-9490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy R.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013School of Medicine and Public Health","place":["Madison, USA"]},{"name":"William S. 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