{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T18:51:56Z","timestamp":1774896716462,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"jah311107-sec-0001\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) could affect blood pressure regulation by suppressing gastric acid required for the conversion of oral nitrite into nitric oxide. Whether PPI use is associated with incident hypertension remains unknown.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec id=\"jah311107-sec-0002\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We included 64\u2009720 menopausal women who were free from cardiovascular disease and hypertension at enrollment in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (1993\u20131998). Baseline PPI use and duration were determined using medication inventories. The outcome was physician diagnosed\/treated incident hypertension, assessed by self\u2010report on annual questionnaires. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models for incident hypertension according to baseline PPI use (no\/yes) and duration (&lt;1\u2009year, 1\u20133\u2009years, &gt;3\u2009years). The association between PPI use and 3\u2010year changes in measured blood pressure was examined using linear regression.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec id=\"jah311107-sec-0003\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              There were 28\u2009951 cases of incident hypertension after a mean follow\u2010up of 8.7\u2009years. PPI use was associated with 17% higher risk of hypertension compared with nonuse in the fully adjusted model (HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.08\u20131.27]). Longer PPI use durations were significantly associated with incrementally higher risk of hypertension (HR, 1.13, 1.17, 1.28, respectively; trend\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001). The 3\u2010year change in multivariable\u2010adjusted mean systolic blood pressure increased significantly for PPI new users (+3.39\u2009mm\u2009Hg,\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.049) compared with never users.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec id=\"jah311107-sec-0004\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">PPI use was associated with higher risk of diagnosed hypertension in menopausal women, and the risk showed a significant trend according to longer duration of use. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.040009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T05:58:59Z","timestamp":1751003939000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Incident Hypertension in Menopausal Women"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9539-8167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed I.","family":"Soliman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo\u2014SUNY","place":["Buffalo, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3096-9595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Wactawski\u2010Wende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo\u2014SUNY","place":["Buffalo, 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