{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:08:48Z","timestamp":1789013328394,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Informal caregivers play an important role in heart failure care. Health coaching can effectively help informal caregivers adopt healthy lifestyles to prevent and control diseases. However, the cost\u2010effectiveness of interventions that support them remains unclear. We compare the cost\u2010effectiveness of a virtual health coaching intervention (Virtual Caregiver Coach for You) designed to support caregivers in managing their stress by promoting self\u2010care practices versus health information alone for informal caregivers of patients with heart failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In this randomized controlled trial, 250 informal caregivers were randomized (1:1) to receive Virtual Caregiver Coach for You plus health information, or health information alone, for 6 months. The incremental cost\u2010effectiveness ratio was calculated as costs per quality\u2010adjusted life\u2010year gained over 12 months. A 2\u2010part model was used to estimate health care costs, and nonparametric bootstrapping with 1000 resamples was used to represent incremental cost\u2010effectiveness ratio uncertainty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Among the 165 caregivers in the primary analysis, the Virtual Caregiver Coach for You intervention improved quality\u2010adjusted life\u2010years by 0.035 (95% CI, 0.003\u20130.068). From a health care sector perspective, the intervention was dominant: lower hospitalization rates (5% versus 8%) fully offset the program's costs, yielding average savings of $77.45 (95% CI, $20.74\u2013$134.17) per caregiver. At a $50\u2009000 per quality\u2010adjusted life\u2010year threshold, the intervention was cost\u2010effective in 99.7% of simulated scenarios. From a societal perspective, the overall cost was $29.71 per caregiver (95% CI, \u2013$37.01 to $96.44). The incremental cost\u2010effectiveness ratio was $838 per quality\u2010adjusted life\u2010year gained.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Virtual Caregiver Coach for You can be a cost\u2010effective intervention that improves the self\u2010care and quality of life of informal caregivers of patients with heart failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>REGISTRATION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      URL:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ; Unique identifier: NCT03988621.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.040056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T10:29:00Z","timestamp":1784975340000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cost\u2010Effectiveness of Virtual Health Coaching for Caregivers of Patients With Heart Failure: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3496-1586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuxuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4886-7765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen B.","family":"Hirschman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia, 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