{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T20:16:13Z","timestamp":1774556173304,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Arrhythmia, particularly atrial fibrillation, is on the rise globally. While increased surveillance, aging populations, and other risk factors partially explain this rise, emerging risks such as extreme heat from climate change are underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We used Product Surveillance Registry by Medtronic (2016\u20132023) in the United States to examine patients with implantable cardioverter\u2010defibrillator or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator devices. We identified first arrhythmic episodes (atrial tachycardia\/fibrillation [AT\/AF] or ventricular tachycardia\/fibrillation) recorded by devices. Events were matched to ambient temperatures from local weather stations. We used a case\u2010crossover design where each arrhythmia event hour was matched with multiple control hours from the same patient, within the same day of week, month, and year. Conditional logistic models were then pooled across all climate zones in the United States to obtain nonlinear dose\u2013response between temperature and arrhythmia.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Our analysis included 3079 individuals across 103 cities. Fewer AT\/AF and ventricular tachycardia\/fibrillation events occurred during early morning hours (1\u2009am\u20138\u2009am) compared with daytime hours (9\u2009am\u20134\u2009pm) (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001). AT\/AF episodes were also fewer on weekends compared with weekdays (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001). We found a significant dose\u2013response relationship between high outdoor temperatures and AT\/AF events. Relative to an optimal temperature (19\u2009\u00b0C), odds ratios for AT\/AF events increased substantially at temperatures of 39\u2009\u00b0C (odds ratio, 2.41 [95% CI, 1.37\u20134.25]), 40\u2009\u00b0C (odds ratio, 2.60 [95% CI, 1.38\u20134.89]), and 41\u2009\u00b0C (odds ratio, 2.81 [95% CI, 1.40\u20135.63]). No significant association between temperature and ventricular tachycardia\/ ventricular fibrillation was observed. Lagged temperature exposures did not change the results.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Extreme hot outdoor temperatures were significantly associated with higher odds of AF episodes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.040352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T06:36:45Z","timestamp":1749105405000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Extreme Heat and Arrhythmia in Patients With Implanted Devices"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9523-9537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barrak","family":"Alahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T.H. 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