{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:48:29Z","timestamp":1789778909515,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Despite increased atrial fibrillation (AF) and oral anticoagulation (OAC) use among patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, trends in hemorrhagic stroke (HS) incidence in AF remain unclear. We examined recent epidemiological trends, considering advances in stroke prevention and an aging population.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">A Finnish nationwide study using linked administrative registries followed 168\u2009121 patients with incident AF (2009\u20132017) until the first\u2010ever intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage, death, or study end (November 2018). HS incidence rates, the proportion of fatal cases (case fatality rate %), and anticoagulant purchases within 90\u2009days before HS were analyzed. Temporal trends were assessed using logistic and Poisson regression. A total of 1890 patients with AF (53% women, median age 80.2) experienced their first\u2010ever HS. The average annual incidence rate was 2.82\/1000 PY (95% CI, 2.72\u20132.92), remaining stable over 10\u2009years (range 2.62\u20133.22). Age\u2010standardized incidence rates were 2.65 (2.48\u20132.82) for women and 2.94 (2.70\u20133.15) for men. The annual case fatality rate averaged 46.5% (43.9%\u201349.1%) without notable temporal or sex differences. Older age was associated with higher incidence rates and case fatality rate, with an increasing proportion of patients over 84. Prior OAC use increased: in 2009, 67% were not on OACs but by 2018, one third used warfarin, one third direct OACs, and only one third were without any OAC. No association was found between anticoagulation and HS case fatality.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Among the population with incident AF, we observed a stable first\u2010ever HS incidence rate and short\u2010term case fatality over the past decade despite a marked increase in prior oral anticoagulation use and aging.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.040360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T07:13:56Z","timestamp":1749626036000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Hemorrhagic Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation: Trends in Incidence, Case Fatality, and Prior Oral 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