{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:02:54Z","timestamp":1791388974198,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"jah310983-sec-0001\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We previously showed that\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">Lactobacillus casei<\/jats:italic>\n              cell wall extract\u2010induced Kawasaki disease (KD) vasculitis significantly accelerates atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice on high\u2010fat diet. Here, we investigated the contribution of IL\u20101 (interleukin\u20101) signaling on vascular smooth muscle cells in this model.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec id=\"jah310983-sec-0002\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Tamoxifen\u2010inducible vascular smooth muscle cell\u2010specific IL\u20101 receptor (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">Il1r1)<\/jats:italic>\n              knockout (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">SMC<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>\u0394\/\u0394<\/jats:sup>\n              ) mice and\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">Il1r1SMC<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>WT\/WT [wildtype\/wildtype]<\/jats:sup>\n              littermate controls, all on\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">ApoE<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>\n                <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:sup>\n              background, were injected with either PBS or\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">Lactobacillus casei<\/jats:italic>\n              cell wall extract. Two weeks later, mice were fed a tamoxifen diet for 2\u2009weeks to induce\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">Il1r1<\/jats:italic>\n              deletion on vascular smooth muscle cells before being exposed to 8\u2009weeks of Western diet to promote atherosclerosis.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec id=\"jah310983-sec-0003\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              KD vasculitis led to a significant acceleration of atherosclerosis.\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">Il1r1SMC<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>\u0394\/\u0394<\/jats:sup>\n              mice had significantly diminished atherosclerotic plaque size, macrophage infiltration, and necrotic core formation in the aortic root, as well as diminished lipid accumulation in the aorta\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">en face<\/jats:italic>\n              compared with control mice, despite similar serum cholesterol levels.\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">Il1r1SMC<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>\u0394\/\u0394<\/jats:sup>\n              mice also had significantly diminished expression of endothelial adhesion molecules VCAM\u20101 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) and ICAM\u20101 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) in the lesion area, as well as reduced serum MCP\u20101 (monocyte chemotaxis protein\u20101) levels compared with\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">Il1r1SMC<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>\n                <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">WT\/WT<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:sup>\n              control mice. Monocyte and macrophage recruitment was significantly reduced in the\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">Il1r1<\/jats:italic>\n              SMC\n              <jats:sup>\u0394\/\u0394<\/jats:sup>\n              group compared with the\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">Il1r1<\/jats:italic>\n              SMC\n              <jats:sup>WT\/WT<\/jats:sup>\n              group.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec id=\"jah310983-sec-0004\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Our results suggest an important pathophysiologic link between IL\u20101 signaling on vascular smooth muscle cells and subsequent acceleration of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice following KD vasculitis. Thus, further studies are warranted to investigate the role of IL\u20101 signaling not only in acute KD but also in the subsequent vascular remodeling and long\u2010term complications of KD vasculitis, including accelerated atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.040687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T10:12:26Z","timestamp":1748254346000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Interleukin\u20101 Signaling on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Accelerates Atherosclerosis in a Murine Model of Kawasaki Disease"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2919-4967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guerin Children\u2019s at Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center","place":["Los Angeles, USA"]},{"name":"Cedars\u2010Sinai 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