{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T12:10:58Z","timestamp":1780488658809,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">This study examined the relationship between early childhood sociodemographic factors, a subset of social determinants of health, and preadolescent cardiovascular health (CVH) among a cohort of children from low\u2010income and racially and ethnically diverse households using the American Heart Association Life's Essential 8 (except sleep).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">This secondary data analysis used data from the NET\u2010Works (Now Everybody Together for Amazing and Healthful Kids) randomized controlled trial and NET\u2010Works 2 at the U follow\u2010up study. Children (n=268) were 2 to 4\u2009years at enrollment and followed through preadolescence (7\u201311\u2009years). Sociodemographic factors at baseline were exposures. The main outcome was the CVH score (high (\u226580) versus lower (&lt;80)), calculated using Life's Essential 8 factors measured at preadolescence. Modified Poisson regression models estimated risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs for the association between sociodemographic factors and CVH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In early childhood, living in households with an annual income of $35\u2009000 to $64\u2009999 (relative to &lt;$15\u2009000) (RR, 2.01 [95% CI, 1.3\u20133.0]), a parent with at least a bachelor's degree (RR, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.3\u20133.3]), enrollment in social security, disability, or unemployment (RR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.0\u20132.4]), and Non\u2010Hispanic White (RR, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.5\u20133.3]) were associated with high CVH in preadolescence. Among Life's Essential 8 factors, lower body mass index percentile and cholesterol, and higher physical activity levels and diet quality were most strongly associated with high CVH scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Early\u2010life disadvantaged sociodemographic factors were negatively associated with preadolescent CVH among children from low\u2010income and racially and ethnically diverse households. Current public health prevention efforts to alleviate social disadvantage in early childhood are insufficient for long\u2010term CVH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      URL:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/\">https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ; Unique identifier: NCT01606891.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.040692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T10:58:05Z","timestamp":1761217085000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Early\u2010Life Sociodemographic Factors and Cardiovascular Health in Preadolescence Among Low\u2010Income and Racially and Ethnically Diverse Children"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2950-8487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subin","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota School of Public Health","place":["Minneapolis, USA"]},{"name":"University of Minnesota Medical School","place":["Minneapolis, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1039-0818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lenora","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota School of Public Health","place":["Minneapolis, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3365-9018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy E.","family":"Sherwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota School of Public Health","place":["Minneapolis, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3413-5985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone A.","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota School of Public Health","place":["Minneapolis, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7607-5602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicia","family":"Kunin\u2010Batson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota Medical School","place":["Minneapolis, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0322-2445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junia N.","family":"de Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota Medical School","place":["Minneapolis, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.122.060911"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.09.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2208135"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.01.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12561"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.12.063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.032492"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.109.192703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001078"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2023.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2013.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"2012 Supplemental Poverty Measures Thresholds. 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