{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T02:35:14Z","timestamp":1791513314866,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Recent studies have shown that maternal mortality continues to increase for all racial and ethnic groups in the United States. The recent changes in reproductive legal policies combined with unacceptably high morbidity and mortality rates have made it crucial for every cardiologist to understand and engage with reproductive planning. The risk of cardiovascular complications during pregnancy is prohibitively high for patients in the modified World Health Organization Risk Class IV with maternal cardiovascular event rates of &gt;40%, and pregnancy is not recommended. It is critical that cardiologists partner with primary care providers, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Complex Family Planning subspecialist, Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine specialists, Anesthesia, and Pharmacist and Nursing to implement available contraception strategies and understand termination options that can be offered to these high\u2010risk patients. The aim of this article is to review risks and advantages of available contraception and pregnancy termination options as it pertains to these high\u2010risk cardiac patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.041885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T07:17:26Z","timestamp":1749626246000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["What Every Cardiologist Should Know About Contraception and Reproductive Planning in 2025"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1190-1774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leslie","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Vascular Thoracic Institute","place":["Cleveland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1477-4245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan E.","family":"Briller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Chicago","place":["Chicago"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haywood L.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida","place":["Tampa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela R.","family":"Crousillat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida","place":["Tampa"]},{"name":"University of South Florida","place":["Tampa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0216-6985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deirdre J.","family":"Mattina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Vascular Thoracic Institute","place":["Cleveland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy A.","family":"Sarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","place":["Boston"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3261-7833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nandita S.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","place":["Boston"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Piedmont Heart Institute","place":["Atlanta"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7674-9796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Sinkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama","place":["Tuscaloosa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0167-1071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Teal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital","place":["Cleveland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8504-0006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn J.","family":"Lindley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","place":["Nashville"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"For American College of Cardiology Cardiovascular Disease in Women Committee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.9043"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.02.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Trends and patterns in menarch in the United States: 1995 through 2013\u20132017","volume":"146","author":"Martinez GM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martinez GM. Trends and patterns in menarch in the United States: 1995 through 2013\u20132017. Natl Health Stat Rep. 2020;146:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Natl Health Stat Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy340"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.076"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq200"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.501"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0803.2012.00677.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2019.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fertility, family planning, and reproductive health of U.S. women: data from the 2002 National Survey of family growth","volume":"23","author":"Chandra A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chandra A, Martinez GM, Mosher WD, Abma JC, Jones J. Fertility, family planning, and reproductive health of U.S. women: data from the 2002 National Survey of family growth. Vital Health Stat. 2005;23:1\u2013160.","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.02.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6503a1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2011.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001106"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004133"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2021.2010042"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000969"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000564"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2021.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2022141"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.11.1296"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004118"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013744.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2013.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2014.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2022.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2006.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1363\/psrh.12015"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004083"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.304152"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001134"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.11541"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/state\u2010policy\/explore\/overview\u2010abortion\u2010laws"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss7110a1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","unstructured":"Mifeprex (mifepristone) Information . US Food and Drug Administration. Accessed June 8 2023. http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/Drugs\/DrugSafety\/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders\/ucm111323.htm."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199804303381801"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000897"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Society of family planning interim recommendations on self managed abortion. 2022. doi: 10.46621\/ZRDX9581.","DOI":"10.46621\/ZRDX9581"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005205"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2020.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000817"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000603"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02652.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60101-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138057"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.124.041885","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T05:36:52Z","timestamp":1756359412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.124.041885"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.124.041885"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.124.041885","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e041885"}}