{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T16:59:48Z","timestamp":1793293188186,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"18","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Incarcerated individuals have a disproportionate burden of cardiovascular risk factors. However, there is a paucity of data focusing on cardiovascular death and access to adequate health care among incarcerated individuals.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We used the Mortality in Correctional Institutions database from the US Bureau of Justice Statistics to examine cardiovascular deaths in all state prisons from 2001 to 2019, health care provision, as well as differences in these measures between racial and ethnic groups.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              From 2001 to 2019, there were a total of 18\u2009227 (28.0% of total) cardiovascular deaths among those incarcerated in state prisons. After declining from 2001, age\u2010standardized cardiovascular mortality rates increased since 2012, and were 128.2 per 100\u2009000 in 2019. Most cardiovascular deaths (40.8%) occurred after \u2265120\u2009months of incarceration, with 24.4% developing the condition that caused death after incarceration. Approximately 19% of individuals were not medically evaluated, 31% did not receive any diagnostic testing, and 27% did not receive medications during their incarceration for the cardiovascular condition causing death. Compared with White counterparts, Black individuals who died while incarcerated had a higher proportion of death related to a cardiovascular cause (30.9% versus 27.8%,\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001) and were less likely to be medically evaluated (78.6% versus 81.9%,\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001) or receive treatment during incarceration for the cardiovascular condition determined to be the cause of\u00a0death\u00a0(68.1% versus 72.6%,\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Cardiovascular disease is an important cause of death among individuals incarcerated in state prisons. A large number of individuals who died from cardiovascular disease, did not receive medical treatment during their incarceration, with racial disparities in carceral care provision. Strategies to ensure quality and equitable cardiovascular care for this population are needed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.125.040983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T04:38:07Z","timestamp":1757133487000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cardiovascular Death and Access to Health Care Among Individuals Incarcerated in US State Prisons From 2001 to 2019"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0879-7694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Eberly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia, USA"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia, USA"]},{"name":"University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia, USA"]},{"name":"Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn","family":"Shultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7475-2094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Kishore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama","place":["Tuscaloosa, USA"]},{"name":"Equal Justice Initiative","place":["Montgomery, USA"]},{"name":"University of Virginia","place":["Charlottesville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Hayden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama","place":["Tuscaloosa, USA"]},{"name":"Equal Justice Initiative","place":["Montgomery, USA"]},{"name":"University of Virginia","place":["Charlottesville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2527-1195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Turecamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4130-097X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howard M.","family":"Julien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2817-0297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Niklaus Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Law","place":["Atlanta, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7227-6423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashwin","family":"Nathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia, USA"]},{"name":"Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia, USA"]},{"name":"Corporal Michael J. 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