{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:33:08Z","timestamp":1792801988979,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">There is a global mismatch between the number of adults with congenital heart disease and adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) cardiologists, potentially impacting patient outcomes. This survey explores factors influencing trainees and cardiologists' career choices in ACHD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">An online, anonymous global survey on demographics, ACHD as a career choice, encouraging and deterring factors assessed via a 5\u2010point Likert scale and open\u2010ended questions on recommending ACHD was distributed through targeted emails and social media. Responses meeting a 75% completion criterion were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Among 811 included responses, most were from women (53.5%), aged 31 to 40\u2009years (48.3%), White individuals (43.3%), non\u2010Hispanic individuals (85%), from outside the ACHD field (79.0%), and from North America (42.7%). Only 30.9% of non\u2010ACHD physicians considered specializing in ACHD despite 78.9% recommending it. Encouraging factors included awareness of ACHD significance, mentor influence, and clinical exposure. Key deterrents were inadequate financial incentives, limited job opportunities, and lengthy training. Regional variations showed that longer training duration and lack of compensation incentives were the main deterrents in North America. Suggested solutions included structured training programs, salary improvements, and early ACHD exposure during medical education.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Less than a third of respondents considered ACHD as a career largely due to inadequate financial incentives, limited job opportunities, and long training duration. Addressing these barriers could enhance recruitment and help meet the growing demands of the ACHD population.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.125.041276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T12:11:45Z","timestamp":1753099905000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Adult Congenital Heart Disease as a Career? Examining Encouraging and Deterring Factors in the Global ACHD Survey"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7745-7162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katia","family":"Bravo\u2010Jaimes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Jacksonville","place":["Jacksonville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. H. D. Osama","family":"Srour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Jacksonville","place":["Jacksonville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4519-101X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust","place":["Liverpool, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1842-929X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Luna\u2010Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Sant Joan De D\u00e9u","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oktay","family":"Tutarel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9","place":["Berlin, Germany"]},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2584-7692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geetha","family":"Kandavello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Jantung Negara","place":["Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8927-4945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos\u2010Eduardo","family":"Guerrero\u2010Chalela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Cardioinfantil\u2010Instituto de Cardiolog\u00eda","place":["Bogota, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7757-0114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez","place":["Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2893-2590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith","family":"Ackerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General De Ni\u00f1os Pedro Elizalde","place":["Buenos Aires, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amalia","family":"Elizari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires","place":["Buenos Aires, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4821-8300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Valdez\u2010Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Maria Auxiliadora","place":["Lima, Peru"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6263-7192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blanche","family":"Cupido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital","place":["Cape Town, South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0437-1581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominica","family":"Zentner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Melbourne Hospital","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]},{"name":"University of Melbourne","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murad","family":"Almasri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arkansas Children\u2019s Hospital. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.","place":["Little Rock, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Jacksonville","place":["Jacksonville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6851-0152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"McLeod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Jacksonville","place":["Jacksonville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9786-1840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke J.","family":"Burchill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Rochester","place":["Rochester, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3340-2017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celia","family":"Kamath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Rochester","place":["Rochester, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8167-5760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renee P.","family":"Bullock\u2010Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deborah Heart and Lung Center","place":["Browns Mills, USA"]},{"name":"Thomas Jefferson University","place":["Philadelphia, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Windram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta","place":["Edmonton, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.019307"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.05.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx685"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.05.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2021-001723"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2150135117706340"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2023.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2022.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07430170120093463"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acmx.2018.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.07.198"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcchd.2023.100461"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2023-002558"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","unstructured":"Children's Heart Center (supported by the Brave Heart Fund). 2024. 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