{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T22:22:08Z","timestamp":1785363728244,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are associated with a 3\u2010fold risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, the biology of atherosclerosis is different among women and men, and ASCVD risk factors among women treated with an ICI are incompletely understood. This study aimed to identify factors associated with ASCVD in women following ICIs and to characterize plaque progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In a single\u2010center retrospective study, clinical and cancer\u2010related factors were compared among women treated with ICIs who did and did not experience ASCVD. Competing risk analysis estimated the effect of ICIs on cardiovascular risk. In an imaging substudy, the rate of atherosclerotic plaque progression post\u2010treatment was compared between women and men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Among 1188 female patients treated with an ICI, 54 (5%) experienced an ASCVD with a median time to event of 174\u2009days. Patients with ASCVD had a higher prevalence of prior myocardial infarction and coronary revascularization (15% versus 6%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.007) and prior stroke (7% versus 2%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.039). Competing risk analyses, adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, revealed an almost 3\u2010fold increased risk of post\u2010ICI ASCVD in women with prior cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 2.71 [95% CI, 1.24\u20135.95];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.013). In an imaging study, the annual rate of plaque progression post\u2010ICI was 6% for total and 7% for non\u2010calcified plaque, with similar rates of progression observed in women and men.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In female patients treated with ICIs, 5% developed an ASCVD, and a history of cardiovascular events was a risk factor. In an imaging study, plaque progressed in a short time frame after ICI therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.125.041925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T12:25:36Z","timestamp":1764159936000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Events, and Plaque Progression Among Women With Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4274-2761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giselle Alexandra","family":"Suero\u2010Abreu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zsofia 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