{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T17:02:35Z","timestamp":1784739755223,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"jah311102-sec-0001\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Little is known about arterial stiffness in rural subsistence populations that experience few cardiovascular risk factors. We conducted a cross\u2010sectional study comparing 3 arterial stiffness metrics among Tsimane forager\u2010horticulturalists with 2 representative US cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec id=\"jah311102-sec-0002\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Arterial elasticity (the inverse of stiffness) markers C1 (large artery elasticity) and C2 (small artery elasticity) were measured using a tonometry device among 490 Tsimane adults (mean age, 51.2\u00b110.1\u2009years; 55% women), and compared with 6294 multiethnic US adults (mean age, 62.0\u00b110.2\u2009years; 52% women) from MESA (Multi\u2010Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). Carotid\u2010femoral pulse wave velocity was assessed using the foot\u2010to\u2010foot method in a smaller Tsimane sample (n=94) and compared with 3086 predominantly White US adults (mean age, 46.1\u00b18.7\u2009years; 54% women) from the FHS Gen3 (Framingham Heart Study Third Generation).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec id=\"jah311102-sec-0003\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Tsimane participants exhibited superior arterial health compared with US cohorts, with higher elasticity (C1\/C2) and lower stiffness (carotid\u2010femoral pulse wave velocity). Their C1 (mean 22.8\u00b112.2\u2009mL\/mm\u2009Hg\u00d710) and C2 (mean 7.5\u00b14.0\u2009mL\/mm\u2009Hg\u00d7100) were 47.3% and 35.7% higher than MESA participants by age 40\u2009years, respectively, and differences remained sustained throughout adulthood. Compared with participants in FHS Gen3, the carotid\u2010femoral pulse wave velocity in Tsimane participants (mean 6.2\u00b11.2\u2009m\/s) was 33.9% lower and showed a minimal age\u2010related increase, with carotid\u2010femoral pulse wave velocity only higher by age 70+ (\u03b2=1.74\u00b10.38; reference &lt;40\u2009years). Tsimane participants with \u22652 comorbidities (hypertension, obesity, and diabetes) had \u224825% higher arterial elasticity than healthy Americans with no comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec id=\"jah311102-sec-0004\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Tsimane forager\u2010farmers of the Bolivian Amazon demonstrate substantially lower arterial stiffness throughout adulthood than more urbanized and sedentary populations, and the differences are only partially explained by conventional cardiometabolic risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.125.042978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T10:24:36Z","timestamp":1752488676000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Arterial Stiffness in Heart\u2010Healthy Indigenous Tsimane Forager\u2010Horticulturalists"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Santa Barbara","place":["Santa Barbara, USA"]},{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edhitt C.","family":"Linares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsimane Health and Life History Project","place":["San Borja, Bolivia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Quispe Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsimane Health and Life History Project","place":["San Borja, Bolivia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Eid Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de San Sim\u00f3n","place":["Cochabamba, Bolivia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juana","family":"Bani Cuata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsimane Health and Life History Project","place":["San Borja, Bolivia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8204-2815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael I.","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mission Heritage Medical Group, Providence Health","place":["Mission Viejo, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"von Rueden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jepson School of Leadership, University of Richmond","place":["Richmond, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel K.","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chapman University","place":["Orange, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul L.","family":"Hooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Mexico","place":["Albuquerque, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3201-0628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin C.","family":"Trumble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University","place":["Tempe, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5985-9643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Stieglitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study, Toulouse School of Economics","place":["Toulouse, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall C.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Luke\u2019s Mid America Heart Institute","place":["Kansas City, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9705-304X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory S.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial Care Health System","place":["Fountain Valley, USA"]},{"name":"University of California, Irvine","place":["Orange, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7398-7358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hillard","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chapman University","place":["Orange, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0993-6839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Duprez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota","place":["Minneapolis, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7232-0543","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr","given":"David R.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota","place":["Minneapolis, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5661-527X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Gurven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Santa Barbara","place":["Santa Barbara, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.303596"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.246876"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.313130"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.10.061"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.886655"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.09.063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl254"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.26.3.503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2006.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp319"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.52.1.146"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.29.1.171"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.12655"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.189100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30752-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22445"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006590"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.3252"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.187757"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.21515"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20600"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0868-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/169359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/653239"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/2012.jama.10503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1071"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18449"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18754"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14971"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055679"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001078"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.017502"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnad123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.12259"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.002725"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2012.00412.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.124"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2013.1671"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13251"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.33.6.1392"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1998.1099"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(01)02319-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2007.26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000274043.80093.2b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08037051.2019.1598254"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MBP.0b013e32833fe2a6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001860"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000128420.01881.aa"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01166-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2010.244"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70178"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.125.042978","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T10:11:12Z","timestamp":1752660672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.125.042978"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.125.042978"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.125.042978","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e042978"}}