{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:24:37Z","timestamp":1788279877074,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Native American (NA) people are at an increased risk for stroke and are disproportionally affected by stroke risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes. The objective of this study is to characterize stroke risk factors in Wisconsin Native American people compared with an age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched population in the SHOW (Survey of the Health of Wisconsin) study to direct future therapeutic efforts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Stroke risk factor information was collected from an NA and an age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched general Wisconsin population. Stroke risk factor data collected included age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, history of transient ischemic attack\/stroke, history of coronary artery disease, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, current smoking status, and laboratory bloodwork (lipid panel, hemoglobin A\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and average glucose). In addition, all Oneida NA participants had a comprehensive carotid ultrasound examination performed to evaluate for the presence of atherosclerotic plaque and examine hemodynamics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      The NA population had significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, were taller, and had higher body mass indices and higher rates of diabetes compared with the Wisconsin general population (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05). Significant differences were also noted in total cholesterol, high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, hemoglobin A\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and average glucose (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05). In addition, 81.5% of the Oneida NA population had atherosclerotic plaque present in their carotid arteries.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">This study demonstrates several statistically significant differences in stroke risk factors between the NA population and a general Wisconsin sample population. These results indicate a strong relationship between obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis in the NA group. Thus, there is an opportunity to work with NA communities to identify and modify stroke risk factors. Future work will examine the impact of exercise, diet, and nutrition on these risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      URL:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ; Unique Identifier: NCT04382963.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.125.043224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T12:40:08Z","timestamp":1772628008000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cerebrovascular Risk Factors for Body Mass Index, Diabetes, and Atherosclerosis in a Wisconsin Native American Population: A Cross\u2010Sectional Observation Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6445-3306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carol C.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health","place":["Madison"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie M.","family":"Wilbrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health","place":["Madison"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health","place":["Madison"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Riesenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oneida Comprehensive Health Division","place":["Oneida"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra","family":"Danforth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oneida Comprehensive Health Division","place":["Oneida"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4264-0853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umadevi V.","family":"Wesley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health","place":["Madison"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eben S.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health","place":["Madison"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3299-9130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomy","family":"Varghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health","place":["Madison"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie J.","family":"Blohowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oneida Comprehensive Health Division","place":["Oneida"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connie","family":"Vandenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oneida Comprehensive Health Division","place":["Oneida"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa F.","family":"Metoxen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health","place":["Madison"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oneida Comprehensive Health Division","place":["Oneida"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Dempsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health","place":["Madison"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000000773"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.99.18.2389"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","volume-title":"Burden of Cardiovascular Disease among American Indians and Alaska Natives in Wisconsin","author":"Great Lakes Inter\u2010Tribal Council, Inc","year":"2015","unstructured":"Great Lakes Inter\u2010Tribal Council, Inc . 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