{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T20:35:46Z","timestamp":1788554146755,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Identifying high\u2010risk locations for out\u2010of\u2010hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is essential for targeted community interventions. We aimed to use the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) and geospatial mapping of OHCA data to locate high\u2010risk neighborhoods in Birmingham, Alabama, for community training programs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">A retrospective observational analysis was conducted using nontraumatic OHCA cases in adults (\u226518\u2009years) in Birmingham from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2023. Census tracts served as proxies for neighborhoods. A 5\u2010step process identified high\u2010risk tracts: (1) OHCA incidents were geocoded in ArcGIS and assigned a geographic identifier by census tract; (2) SVI data were merged with each record; (3) the Getis\u2010Ord GI* statistic identified a hot spot with 99% confidence; (4) tracts with an SVI &gt;90th percentile within the hot spot were flagged; and (5) excess relative risk rates were calculated and stratified by quintiles. The primary outcome was high\u2010risk census tracts defined by hot spot location, high SVI, and high relative risk.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">A total of 966 OHCA cases from 115 census tracts were included. Hot spot analysis identified 30 tracts (26.1%) with high\u2010risk characteristics. Within these, 17 tracts had an SVI &gt;90th percentile, and 10 tracts had an excess relative risk in the top quintile. Hot spot tracts had a higher proportion of Black residents and lower cardiopulmonary resuscitation rates. No\u00a0significant difference in survival outcomes were observed; however, the overall neurologically intact survival was 1.2%.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Multiple neighborhoods in Birmingham exhibit extreme levels of social vulnerability and excess relative risk of OHCA, making them ideal candidates for community training initiatives.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.125.043469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T12:10:45Z","timestamp":1758802245000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Identifying High\u2010Risk Cardiac Arrest Neighborhoods Using Social Vulnerability Index and Geospatial Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2915-628X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan A.","family":"Coute","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine","place":["Birmingham, USA"]},{"name":"Birmingham Regional EMS System","place":["Birmingham, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4942-1880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariann F.","family":"Nassel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","place":["Birmingham, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanda L.","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine","place":["Birmingham, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3330-5762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph D.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birmingham Fire and Rescue","place":["Birmingham, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5749-3297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William C.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine","place":["Birmingham, USA"]},{"name":"Birmingham Regional EMS System","place":["Birmingham, USA"]},{"name":"Birmingham Fire and Rescue","place":["Birmingham, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5079-1814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian H.","family":"Nathanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OptiStatim, LLC","place":["Longmeadow, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5086-0418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine","place":["Birmingham, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.12.1423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.124.010907"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"CARES 2023 Summary Report . 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